Evaluation of ice cloud representation in the ECMWF and UK Met Office models using CloudSat and CALIPSO data
Evaluation of ice cloud representation in the ECMWF and UK Met Office models using CloudSat and CALIPSO data
复制标题
使用 CloudSat 和 CALIPSO 数据评估 ECMWF 和英国气象局模型中的冰云表示
DOI:
10.1002/qj.882
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Delanoë J
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Delanoë J
Ice cloud representation in general circulation models remains a challenging task, due to the lack of accurate observations and the complexity of microphysical processes. In this article, we evaluate the ice water content (IWC) and ice cloud fraction statistical distributions from the numerical weather prediction models of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the UK Met Office, exploiting the synergy between the CloudSat radar and CALIPSO lidar. Using the last three weeks of July 2006, we analyse the global ice cloud occurrence as a function of temperature and latitude and show that the models capture the main geographical and temperature‐dependent distributions, but overestimate the ice cloud occurrence in the Tropics in the temperature range from −60 °C to −20 °C and in the Antarctic for temperatures higher than −20 °C, but underestimate ice cloud occurrence at very low temperatures. A global statistical comparison of the occurrence of grid‐box mean IWC at different temperatures shows that both the mean and range of IWC increases with increasing temperature. Globally, the models capture most of the IWC variability in the temperature range between −60 °C and −5 °C, and also reproduce the observed latitudinal dependencies in the IWC distribution due to different meteorological regimes. Two versions of the ECMWF model are assessed. The recent operational version with a diagnostic representation of precipitating snow and mixed‐phase ice cloud fails to represent the IWC distribution in the −20 °C to 0 °C range, but a new version with prognostic variables for liquid water, ice and snow is much closer to the observed distribution. The comparison of models and observations provides a much‐needed analysis of the vertical distribution of IWC across the globe, highlighting the ability of the models to reproduce much of the observed variability as well as the deficiencies where further improvements are required. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
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DOI:
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发表时间:
1998
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
P. Francis;P. Hignett;A. Macke
通讯作者:
A. Macke
影响因子:
3.2
作者:
Wilkinson J
通讯作者:
Wilkinson J
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. L. Palma;E. Calder;D. Basualto;S. Blake;D. Rothery
通讯作者:
D. Rothery
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2005
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Delanoë;A. Protat;J. Testud;D. Bouniol;A. Heymsfield;A. Bansemer;P. Brown;R. Forbes
通讯作者:
R. Forbes
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
T. Stein
通讯作者:
T. Stein