Caring babies: Concern for others in distress during infancy
Caring babies: Concern for others in distress during infancy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/desc.13016
复制
发表时间：
2020-08-10
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidov, Maayan;Paz, Yael;Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn
关心他人的痛苦是一种非常有价值的人类能力，但很少有人知道它的早期个体发育。共情发展的理论解释强调阶段性，但这一点受到了质疑。这项研究揭示了四个关键问题：发病，一致性，发展和对他人的关注的早期表现的预测能力。三个月大的以色列婴儿（N = 165）在6个月、12个月和18个月时进行纵向跟踪，并评估他们对他人痛苦的反应。对痛苦他人的关心早在生命的第一年就被发现，这远早于以前的理论假设。同理心的关注是适度一致的情况和年龄，早在3个月。随着年龄的增长，对他人的关心只略有增加，在第二年达到稳定状态，而亲社会行为在第二年迅速增加。早期的个体差异，对他人的关注预测后来的亲社会行为代表痛苦的人。研究结果强调了关怀的早期根源，并似乎驳斥了移情发展的前阶段理论的假设，表明对他人的关注发展得更早，更逐步比以前假设的。
Concern for distressed others is a highly valued human capacity, but little is known about its early ontogeny. Theoretical accounts of empathy development have emphasized stages, but this has been called into question. This study sheds new light on four key issues: onset, consistency, development, and predictive power of early manifestations of concern for others. Three-month-old Israei infants (N = 165) were followed longitudinally at ages 6, 12, and 18 months, and their observed responses to others' distress were assessed. Concern for distressed others was seen early in the first year of life, long before previous theories assumed. Empathic concern was moderately consistent across both situation and age, from as early as 3 months. Concern for others grew only modestly with age, plateauing during the second year, whereas prosocial behavior increased rapidly during the second year. Early individual differences in concern for others predicted later prosocial behavior on behalf of distressed others. Findings underscore the early roots of caring, and appear to refute assumptions of prior stage theories of empathy development, by showing that concern for others develops much earlier and more gradually than previously assumed.