The national MD-PhD program outcomes study: Outcomes variation by sex, race, and ethnicity
The national MD-PhD program outcomes study: Outcomes variation by sex, race, and ethnicity
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DOI：
10.1172/jci.insight.133010
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发表时间：
2019-10-03
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Brass, Lawrence F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akabas, Myles H.;Brass, Lawrence F.
2015年，发起了一项全国性的努力，追踪1万多名医学博士项目毕业生的职业生涯。数据是通过发送给校友的调查、发送给项目主任的查询以及在美国医学院协会(AAMC)数据库中搜索获得的。在这里，我们对数据进行分析，重点关注性别、种族和民族对职业结果的影响。结果表明，自最早的MD-PhD项目以来，学员的多样性有所增加，尽管它仍然远远落后于美国人口。与大多数医学专业选择一样，男性和女性以及少数族裔和非少数族裔校友的培训持续时间相似，包括毕业时间和第一次独立工作的时间。无论少数民族身份和性别，大多数调查回答者报告说，他们在学术界、研究机构、联邦机构或行业工作。然而，这些相似之处也伴随着几个值得注意的差异：(A)根据AAMC学院的花名册数据，而不是根据调查结果，女性获得全职教师职位的可能性低于男性，(B)1985年后毕业的少数族裔获得学位的平均时间比非少数族裔长，(C)获得NIH奖学金的女性和少数族裔较少，{d)报告成功从导师转到独立NIH奖项的女性较少，以及(E)在最近的毕业队列中，女性报告花费在研究上的时间比男性少。总体而言，这些结果表明，需要做出更多努力，招募女性和少数族裔进入MD-PhD项目，并在被招募后，了解他们职业道路上出现的差异背后的驱动因素。
In 2015, a nation-wide effort was launched to track the careers of over 10,000 MD-PhD program graduates. Data were obtained by surveys sent to alumni, inquiries sent to program directors, and searches in American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) databases. Here, we present an analysis of the data, focusing on the impact of sex, race, and ethnicity on career outcomes. The results show that diversity among trainees has increased since the earliest MD-PhD programs, although it still lags considerably behind the US population. Training duration, which includes time to graduation as well as time to first independent position, was similar for men and women and for minority and nonminority alumni, as were most choices of medical specialties. Regardless of minority status and sex, most survey responders reported that they are working in academia, research institutes, federal agencies, or industry. These similarities were, however, accompanied by several noteworthy differences: (a) Based on AAMC Faculty Roster data rather than survey responses, women were less likely than men to have had a full-time faculty appointment, (b) minorities who graduated after 1985 had a longer average time to degree than nonminorities, (c) fewer women and minorities have NIH grants, {d) fewer women reported success in moving from a mentored to an independent NIH award, and (e) women in the most recent graduation cohort reported spending less time on research than men. Collectively, these results suggest that additional efforts need to be made to recruit women and minorities into MD-PhD programs and, once recruited, to understand the drivers behind the differences that have emerged in their career paths.