Neurospora tetrasperma helper strains using the E gene
Neurospora tetrasperma helper strains using the E gene
复制标题
使用 E 基因的四子脉孢菌辅助菌株
DOI：
10.4148/1941-4765.1383
复制
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. D. Perkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. D. Perkins
在粗糙脉孢菌中，具有失活交配型等位基因的菌株可用作强制异核体的一个组成部分，作为辅助物来庇护由于某些隐性性状而不能生育或处于其他不利地位的第二组成部分（Griffiths and DeLange 1978 Genetics 88：239-254；Perkins 1984 Neurospora Newsl.31：41-42）。 am1 ad-3B cyh-1 (FGSC 4564) 与橡树岭背景中的 A 和 a 交配类型 (het-C、-d、-e) 异核相容，特别有用。当这种表型野生型异核体在杂交中用作亲本时，辅助核不参与有性，并且所有后代均由不利组分亲本。具有辅助体的异核体对于种群保存也很有用，确保否则难以维持的基因型的存活。知识共享许可 本作品根据知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 许可获得许可。这篇常规论文可在真菌遗传学报告中找到：http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol41/iss1/21 使用 E 基因的四子孢神经孢子菌辅助菌株 D. D. Perkins 生物科学系，斯坦福大学，斯坦福 CA 94305-5020 在粗糙脉孢菌中，具有非活性交配型等位基因的菌株可供使用 作为强制异核体的一个组成部分，作为辅助者来庇护由于某些隐性特征而不能生育或处于其他不利地位的第二个组成部分（Griffiths and DeLange 1978 Genetics 88:239-254；Perkins 1984 Neurospora Newsl. 31:41-42）。 am1 ad-3B cyh-1 (FGSC 4564) 与橡树岭背景中的 A 和 a 交配类型 (het-C、-d、-e) 异核相容，特别有用。当这种表型野生型异核体在杂交中用作亲本时，辅助核不参与有性，并且所有后代均由不利组分亲本。具有辅助体的异核体对于种群保存也很有用，确保否则难以维持的基因型的存活。在四孢子假同位菌种脉孢菌中尚未发现具有不活跃交配类型的突变体。然而，含有显性基因 E（八孢子）的菌株可以作为辅助菌株。杂合的E/E+杂交是可育的，但纯合的E/E杂交不是，产生贫瘠的子囊壳，实际上没有子囊孢子(Dodge 1939 J.Hered.30:467-474)。因此，通过将标记的E菌株放入与E+且具有相同交配类型的不利突变菌株的强制异核体中，可以将标记的E菌株用作杂交中的辅助菌株。当这样的异核体与任何相反交配类型的E品系杂交时，所有后代都将由感兴趣的E+成分亲本化。 col(119) 提供了 E 辅助子有用性的一个例子（由连锁组 VII 指定；Howe 和 Haysman 1966 Genetics 54：293-302）。突变体本身作为非分生孢子菌落生长缓慢，难以维持和杂交。相反，异核体如 [col(119);平底锅(124);等(102)； E+A + met(123) E A]，FGSC No. 7568，和[col(119)；平底锅(124); E+a + lys(112) E a]，FGSC No. 7569，是表型野生型，并且当用作原上皮或作为受精亲本时完全可育。 （连锁群 I 标记 a1(102) 是用于交配型的方便标签，它不会与其重组。）当这些 E + E+ 异核体之一与相反交配型的 E 测试亲本杂交时，只有异核体的 E+ 集落成分对后代有贡献。大多数子囊孢子很小，并且在杂合 E/E+ 杂交中是同核的。 （产生了一些大的异核子囊孢子，但是当手动分离子囊孢子时，这些很容易被识别和避免。）小的单交配型子囊孢子使得单倍体遗传分析能够以传统方式进行，而单子囊孢子来源的 f1 幼苗中的异核现象并不复杂（Calhoun 和 Howe 1968 Genetics 60：449-459）。辅助异核体已经能够进行杂交，证明 col(119) 和新的形态突变体 lwn（草坪）之间的联系，重组率约为 15%。新草原出版社出版，2017
In N. crassa, strains with an inactive mating type allele are available that can be used as one component of a forced heterokaryon, serving as a helper to shelter a second component that is infertile or otherwise disadvantaged because of some recessive trait (Griffiths and DeLange 1978 Genetics 88:239-254; Perkins 1984 Neurospora Newsl. 31:41-42). am1 ad-3B cyh-1 (FGSC 4564), which is heterokaryoncompatible with both A and a mating types in Oak Ridge background (het-C, -d, -e), has been especially useful. When such a phenotypically wild-type heterokaryon is used as one parent in a cross, the helper nuclei do not participate sexually and all progeny are parented by the disadvantaged component. Heterokaryons with the helper are also useful for stock preservation, assuring survival of genotypes that would otherwise be difficult to maintain. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol41/iss1/21 Neurospora tetrasperma helper strains using the E gene D. D. Perkins Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-5020 In N. crassa, strains with an inactive mating type allele are available that can be used as one component of a forced heterokaryon, serving as a helper to shelter a second component that is infertile or otherwise disadvantaged because of some recessive trait (Griffiths and DeLange 1978 Genetics 88:239-254; Perkins 1984 Neurospora Newsl. 31:41-42). am1 ad-3B cyh-1 (FGSC 4564), which is heterokaryoncompatible with both A and a mating types in Oak Ridge background (het-C, -d, -e), has been especially useful. When such a phenotypically wild-type heterokaryon is used as one parent in a cross, the helper nuclei do not participate sexually and all progeny are parented by the disadvantaged component. Heterokaryons with the helper are also useful for stock preservation, assuring survival of genotypes that would otherwise be difficult to maintain. No mutant with an inactive mating type is yet available in the four-spored pseudohomothallic species Neurospora tetrasperma. However, strains containing the dominant gene E (Eight-spore) can serve as helpers. Heterozygous E/E+ crosses are fertile, but homozygous E/E crosses are not, producing barren perithecia with effectively no ascospores (Dodge 1939 J. Hered. 30:467-474). Therefore a marked E strain can be used as a helper in crosses by putting it into a forced heterokaryon with a disadvantaged mutant strain that is E+ and of the same mating type. When such a heterokaryon is crossed to any E strain of opposite mating type, all progeny will be parented by the E+ component of interest. An example of the usefulness of E helpers is provided by col(119) (assigned by linkage group VII; Howe and Haysman 1966 Genetics 54:293-302). By itself, the mutant grows slowly as a nonconidiating colony which is difficult to maintain and to cross. In contrast, heterokaryons such as [col(119); pan(124); al(102); E+A + met(123) E A], FGSC No. 7568, and [col(119); pan(124); E+a + lys(112) E a], FGSC No. 7569, are phenotypically wild type and fully fertile when used either as protoperithecial or as fertilizing parent. (The linkage group I marker al(102) is a convenient tag for mating type, with which it does not recombine.) When one of these E + E+ heterokaryons is crossed with an E tester parent of opposite mating type, only the E+ colonial component of the heterokaryon contributes to the progeny. Most ascospores are small and homokaryotic in heterozygous E/ E+ crosses. (A few large heterokaryotic ascospores are produced, but these are readily recognized and avoided when ascospores are isolated manually.) The small single-mating-type ascospores enable haploid genetic analysis to be carried out in conventional fashion, uncomplicated by heterokaryosis in f1 germlings of single-ascospore origin (Calhoun and Howe 1968 Genetics 60:449-459). Helper heterokaryons have enabled crosses to be made that demonstrate linkage between col(119) and a new morphological mutant lwn (lawn), with about 15% recombination. Published by New Prairie Press, 2017