Good Riddance? Breaking Disease Susceptibility in the Era of New Breeding Technologies
Good Riddance? Breaking Disease Susceptibility in the Era of New Breeding Technologies
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy8070114
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hueckelhoven, Ralph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelhardt, Stefan;Stam, Remco;Hueckelhoven, Ralph
尽管天然植物病原体丰富多样，但植物病害易感性却很少。然而，在农业中，当强毒病原体成功地克服单一栽培中生长的单一基因型的免疫力时，往往会发生疾病流行。植物的化学和遗传保护部分控制了病害的流行，但病原菌群体显示出对新品种或化学防治剂的高适应潜力。因此，需要新的育种和生物技术策略来获得持久的抗病能力。产生和利用易感性的遗传损失是最近的策略之一。对寄主易感基因(S)的进一步了解和新的育种技术使S基因的靶向突变成为植物遗传保护的可能。本文综述了S基因易感因子的生物学功能，以及常规和基于DNA核酸酶的S基因开发技术。我们进一步讨论了潜在的权衡，以及遗传易感性的丧失是否可以提供持久的抗病能力。
Despite a high abundance and diversity of natural plant pathogens, plant disease susceptibility is rare. In agriculture however, disease epidemics often occur when virulent pathogens successfully overcome immunity of a single genotype grown in monoculture. Disease epidemics are partially controlled by chemical and genetic plant protection, but pathogen populations show a high potential to adapt to new cultivars or chemical control agents. Therefore, new strategies in breeding and biotechnology are required to obtain durable disease resistance. Generating and exploiting a genetic loss of susceptibility is one of the recent strategies. Better understanding of host susceptibility genes (S) and new breeding technologies now enable the targeted mutation of S genes for genetic plant protection. Here we summarize biological functions of susceptibility factors and both conventional and DNA nuclease-based technologies for the exploitation of S genes. We further discuss the potential trade-offs and whether the genetic loss of susceptibility can provide durable disease resistance.