Universality of rare fluctuations in turbulence and critical phenomena
Universality of rare fluctuations in turbulence and critical phenomena
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DOI：
10.1038/25083
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发表时间：
1998-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Pinton, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bramwell, ST;Holdsworth, PCW;Pinton, JF
三维湍流的统计处理现在继续对理论家提出挑战（1，2）。一个建议是用平衡相变来类比（3）。在这里，我们接近这个想法的实验，提出证据之间的一个强有力的类比的统计行为的一个封闭的湍流现在和模型的铁磁体的临界行为。这两个系统都经历了仅受系统大小限制的大波动。我们发现，测量的功率消耗，现在的实验和在临界点的铁磁体的磁化强度具有相同的函数形式的概率分布，而不考虑雷诺数一方面和系统的大小另一方面。这两种分布都具有非高斯尾部，这是大幅度波动的特征。在这个区域，两个系统的标度分布在至少四个数量级上坍缩到一条通用曲线上。这表明，在有限尺寸修正的波动统计在无限系统尺寸的极限（对于磁系统）或无限雷诺数（湍流）的基本相似性。
A statistical treatment of three-dimensional turbulent now continues to pose a challenge to theorists(1,2). One suggestion invokes an analogy with equilibrium phase transitions(3). Here we approach this idea experimentally, presenting evidence of a strong analogy between the statistical behaviour of a confined turbulent now and that of a model of the critical behaviour of a ferromagnet. Both systems experience large fluctuations limited only by the system size. We find that the power consumption measured in turbulent-now experiments and the magnetization at the critical point of the ferromagnet have probability distributions of the same functional form, irrespective of Reynolds number on the one hand and system size on the other. The distributions both have non-gaussian tails that characterize the large-amplitude fluctuations. In this region, the scaled distributions for the two systems collapse onto a single universal curve over at least four orders of magnitude. This suggests a basic similarity in the finite-size corrections to the fluctuation statistics in the Limit of infinite system size (for the magnetic system) or infinite Reynolds number (for turbulent how).