Plasticity in Developing Brain: Active Auditory Exposure Impacts Prelinguistic Acoustic Mapping
Plasticity in Developing Brain: Active Auditory Exposure Impacts Prelinguistic Acoustic Mapping
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0972-14.2014
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Roesler, Cynthia P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benasich, April A.;Choudhury, Naseem A.;Roesler, Cynthia P.
婴儿期的一项主要任务是创造和调整声音地图，以便有效地处理母语。这个过程关键取决于持续的神经可塑性和对环境线索的敏锐敏感性。感觉映射的发展在动物模型中得到了广泛的研究，表明感觉环境的皮层表征不断被经验所改变。优化人类语言映射的一个关键时期是第一年的早期；然而，所涉及的神经过程和被动经验与主动经验的影响尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们证明，虽然4到7个月大的主动和被动声学经验，使用时间调制的非言语刺激，都会影响声学映射，但主动经验具有显着的优势。利用事件相关电位（ERPs），我们发现与被动经验或单独成熟相比，主动经验增加了对环境声刺激的知觉警觉性/注意力（例如，更大更快的P2峰）。变化辨别峰值（N2*）的潜伏期也更快，这已被证明是婴儿4岁以后语言能力的有力预测指标。锐化在训练和未训练的刺激中都是明显的，而不仅仅是成熟。积极体验组的ERP形态也有影响，其波形更复杂，更常见于典型的12至24个月大的儿童。选择性“微调”声学映射的前景对于改善和/或预防发育性语言障碍具有深远的意义。
A major task across infancy is the creation and tuning of the acoustic maps that allow efficient native language processing. This process crucially depends on ongoing neural plasticity and keen sensitivity to environmental cues. Development of sensory mapping has been widely studied in animal models, demonstrating that cortical representations of the sensory environment are continuously modified by experience. One critical period for optimizing human language mapping is early in the first year; however, the neural processes involved and the influence of passive compared with active experience are as yet incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that, while both active and passive acoustic experience from 4 to 7 months of age, using temporally modulated nonspeech stimuli, impacts acoustic mapping, active experience confers a significant advantage. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we show that active experience increases perceptual vigilance/attention to environmental acoustic stimuli (e.g., larger and faster P2 peaks) when compared with passive experience or maturation alone. Faster latencies are also seen for the change discrimination peak (N2*) that has been shown to be a robust infant predictor of later language through age 4 years. Sharpening is evident for both trained and untrained stimuli over and above that seen for maturation alone. Effects were also seen on ERP morphology for the active experience group with development of more complex waveforms more often seen in typically developing 12- to 24-month-old children. The promise of selectively "fine-tuning" acoustic mapping as it emerges has far-reaching implications for the amelioration and/or prevention of developmental language disorders.