Chimpanzee responding during matching to sample: Control by exclusion
Chimpanzee responding during matching to sample: Control by exclusion
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.2002.78-497
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Washburn, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beran, MJ;Washburn, DA
三只黑猩猩完成了一项计算机化的样本匹配任务，其中样本是物品的照片，比较刺激物是被称为词汇表的几何符号。在实验1中，样本要么是定义的（即，它们代表的项目已经被黑猩猩与特定的词汇表标签联系在一起），要么是未定义的（即，它们没有与特定的词汇表已经习得的联系）。在每次试验中，箔（不正确的）比较可以是一个已定义的或未定义的词典。所有3只黑猩猩在没有定义的样本中都选择了正确的比较，只有在没有定义的样本中才选择了正确的比较。在实验2中，每个试验有3个比较，在实验3中，每个试验有4个比较。对于实验2和3，箔比较由定义或未定义的比较或两者的混合组成。在这两个实验中，当黑猩猩面对一个未定义的样本时，它们通常只选择未定义的比较。这些数据表明黑猩猩通过使用排斥反应。然而，最后一项实验表明，尽管使用了排除法来正确完成未定义样本的试验，黑猩猩并没有学会未定义样本和比较之间的新联系。
Three chimpanzees performed a computerized matching-to-sample task in which samples were photographs of items and comparison stimuli were geometric symbols called lexigrams. In Experiment 1, samples were either defined (i.e., they represented items that were associated already with a specific lexigram label by the chimpanzees) or undefined (i.e., they did not have an already learned association with a specific lexigram). On each trial, the foil (incorrect) comparison could be either a defined or an undefined lexigram. All 3 chimpanzees selected the correct comparison for undefined samples at a level significantly better than chance only when the foil comparison was defined. In Experiment 2, three comparisons were presented on each trial, and in Experiment 3, four comparisons were presented on each trial. For Experiments 2 and 3, the foil comparisons consisted of either defined or undefined comparisons or a mixture of both. For these two experiments, when the chimpanzees were presented with an undefined sample, they typically made selections of only undefined comparisons. These data indicate that the chimpanzees responded through use of exclusion. A final experiment, however, indicated that, despite the use of exclusion to complete trials with undefined samples correctly, the chimpanzees did not learn new associations between undefined samples and comparisons.