The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss - The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study
The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss - The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study
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DOI：
10.1001/archotol.129.10.1041
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dalton, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cruickshanks, KJ;Tweed, TS;Dalton, DS
背景：听力障碍影响许多老年人，但发病率尚不清楚。目的：了解听力损害的5年发病率和进展情况。设计：一项纵向的、以人群为基础的研究，研究对象为基线检查时48 - 92岁的成年人。听力灵敏度测量两次，间隔5年。环境：测试在威斯康星州比弗坝的比弗坝社区医院进行。参与者：共有1636名1993-1995年无听力损失的参与者和1085名1993-1995年基线听力损失的参与者在1998-2000年进行了重新检查。主要观察指标：检查包括耳镜检查、筛选性鼓室测听、音调气、骨传导测听。听力损伤的发生率定义为在基线时没有听力损失的患者中，随访时两辆车中500、1000、2000和4000 Hz （PTA(0.5、1、2和4 kHz)）阈值的纯音平均值（PTA）大于25 dB HL（听力水平）。进展被定义为在基线听力损失患者中PTA（0.5、1、2和4 kHz）变化超过5 dB。结果：5年听力损害发生率为21%。超过一半的听力损失患者在基线时经历了听力下降。年龄是影响发病和进展的重要危险因素。男性性别、职业和受教育程度与年龄调整后的听力损失发生率相关。结论：老年人发生听力损失的风险较高。在听力损失的人中，随着时间的推移，大多数人的听力灵敏度会进一步下降。这些数据表明，听力障碍是一个重要的公共卫生问题，并强调了适当的听力筛查和治疗的必要性。
Context: Hearing impairment affects many older adults but the incidence is unknown.Objective: To determine the 5-year incidence and progression of hearing impairment.Design: A longitudinal, population-based study of adults aged 48 to 92 years at baseline examination. Hearing sensitivity was measured twice, 5 years apart.Setting: Testing was conducted at the Beaver Dam Community Hospital, Beaver Dam, Wis.Participants: A total of 1636 participants without hearing loss and 1085 participants with hearing loss at the baseline examination in 1993-1995 were reexamined in 1998-2000.Main Outcome Measure: The examinations included otoscopy, screening tympanometry, and tone air- and bone-conduction audiometry. Incidence of hearing impairment was defined as a pure-tone average (PTA) of thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz (PTA(0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz)) greater than 25 dB HL (hearing level) in either car at follow-up among those without hearing loss at baseline. Progression was defined as a change of more than 5 dB in the PTA (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) among those with hearing loss at baseline.Results: The 5-year incidence of hearing impairment was 21%. More than half of those with hearing loss at baseline experienced a decline in hearing. Age was an important risk factor for both incidence and progression. Male sex, occupation, and education were associated with the incidence of hearing loss after adjusting for age.Conclusions: Older adults have a high risk of developing hearing loss. Among those with hearing loss, most experience further declines in hearing sensitivity over time. These data indicate that hearing impairment is an important public health problem and underscore the need for appropriate hearing screening and treatment.