PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation.

PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201511034
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发表时间:
2016-09-12
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kim PK
Kim PK
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sargent G;van Zutphen T;Shatseva T;Zhang L;Di Giovanni V;Bandsma R;Kim PK

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Sargent等人发现E3泛素连接酶PEX2是哺乳动物噬肉的病原体。在氨基酸饥饿期间,PEX2表达增加,泛素化过氧化物酶体膜蛋白,并通过自噬信号过氧化物酶体降解。过氧化物酶体是合成代谢和分解代谢脂质反应所必需的代谢细胞器,其数量根据细胞的代谢需要是高度动态的。调节过氧化物酶体数量的一种机制是通过称为自噬的自噬过程。在哺乳动物细胞中,过氧化物酶体膜蛋白的泛素化是食腐的信号;然而,介导泛素化的E3连接酶尚不清楚。在这里,我们报道过氧化物酶体E3泛素连接酶过氧化物酶2 (PEX2)是哺乳动物食腐的病原体。在nbr1依赖性自噬过程中,PEX2的表达导致过氧化物酶体的泛素化和过氧化物酶体的降解。我们发现PEX5和PMP70是PEX2的底物,在氨基酸饥饿期间被泛素化。我们还发现,在氨基酸饥饿和雷帕霉素治疗期间,PEX2的表达均上调,这表明mTORC1途径通过调节PEX2的表达水平来调节食腐。最后,我们用动物模型在体内验证了我们的发现。
Sargent et al. identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase PEX2 as the causative agent of mammalian pexophagy. During amino acid starvation, PEX2 expression increases to ubiquitinate peroxisomal membrane proteins and signal peroxisome degradation by autophagy. Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles necessary for anabolic and catabolic lipid reactions whose numbers are highly dynamic based on the metabolic need of the cells. One mechanism to regulate peroxisome numbers is through an autophagic process called pexophagy. In mammalian cells, ubiquitination of peroxisomal membrane proteins signals pexophagy; however, the E3 ligase responsible for mediating ubiquitination is not known. Here, we report that the peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin ligase peroxin 2 (PEX2) is the causative agent for mammalian pexophagy. Expression of PEX2 leads to gross ubiquitination of peroxisomes and degradation of peroxisomes in an NBR1-dependent autophagic process. We identify PEX5 and PMP70 as substrates of PEX2 that are ubiquitinated during amino acid starvation. We also find that PEX2 expression is up-regulated during both amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment, suggesting that the mTORC1 pathway regulates pexophagy by regulating PEX2 expression levels. Finally, we validate our findings in vivo using an animal model.
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