PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation.
PEX2 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase required for pexophagy during starvation.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.201511034
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发表时间:
2016-09-12
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kim PK
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sargent G;van Zutphen T;Shatseva T;Zhang L;Di Giovanni V;Bandsma R;Kim PK
Sargent et al. identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase PEX2 as the causative agent of mammalian pexophagy. During amino acid starvation, PEX2 expression increases to ubiquitinate peroxisomal membrane proteins and signal peroxisome degradation by autophagy. Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles necessary for anabolic and catabolic lipid reactions whose numbers are highly dynamic based on the metabolic need of the cells. One mechanism to regulate peroxisome numbers is through an autophagic process called pexophagy. In mammalian cells, ubiquitination of peroxisomal membrane proteins signals pexophagy; however, the E3 ligase responsible for mediating ubiquitination is not known. Here, we report that the peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin ligase peroxin 2 (PEX2) is the causative agent for mammalian pexophagy. Expression of PEX2 leads to gross ubiquitination of peroxisomes and degradation of peroxisomes in an NBR1-dependent autophagic process. We identify PEX5 and PMP70 as substrates of PEX2 that are ubiquitinated during amino acid starvation. We also find that PEX2 expression is up-regulated during both amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment, suggesting that the mTORC1 pathway regulates pexophagy by regulating PEX2 expression levels. Finally, we validate our findings in vivo using an animal model.
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