Integrated urban malaria control: A case study in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Integrated urban malaria control: A case study in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.103
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Singer, BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Castro, MC;Yamagata, Y;Singer, BH
撒哈拉以南非洲城市的快速发展，很大程度上是由农村向城市移民推动的，与这些生态系统的复杂转变以及疟疾控制面临的一系列复杂挑战有关。与农村和城郊地区相比，城市疟疾传播的强度要小得多，而且集中程度要高得多。然而，流行病的危险更高，而且大量非免疫人群的存在使所有年龄段的人都面临类似的风险水平。城市中心的繁殖点数量有限，这表明以病媒控制为基础的预防战略，重点是环境管理，应该成为城市疟疾控制规划的核心特征。我们重点关注坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市的疟疾。在简要回顾了这个城市中心 100 年的疟疾控制历史之后，我们描述并评估了 1988 年至 1996 年根据坦桑尼亚和日本政府之间的双边协议实施的控制计划。我们提出了一种基于高分辨率航空摄影和地面验证的创新城市疟疾风险绘图方法。该战略明确，如果此类信息要在指导详细规范城市疟疾控制干预策略方面发挥作用，那么一米分辨率水平的遥感技术是必不可少的。描述和评估了随着时间的推移适应性实施的坦桑尼亚-日本多重干预疟疾控制计划，以及对撒哈拉以南非洲城市疟疾控制更广泛的影响。
The rapid growth of cities in sub-Saharan Africa, much of it driven by rural-urban migration, is associated with complex transformations of these ecosystems and an intricate set of challenges for malaria control. Urban malaria transmission is substantially less intense and much more focal than in rural and peri-urban settings. However, the danger of epidemics is higher and the presence of substantial non-immune populations places people of all ages at comparable levels of risk. The limited number of breeding sites in urban centers suggests that prevention strategies based on vector control, with emphasis on environmental management, should be a central feature of urban malaria control programs. We focus on malaria in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Following a brief review of the 100-year history of malaria control in this urban center, we describe and evaluate a control program that operated from 1988 to 1996 as a consequence of a bilateral agreement between the governments of Tanzania and Japan. We present an innovative urban malaria risk mapping methodology based on high-resolution aerial photography with ground-based validation. This strategy clarifies that remote sensing technology at a level of resolution of one meter is essential if this kind of information is to play a role in guiding the detailed specification of intervention strategies for urban malaria control. The Tanzania-Japan multiple-intervention malaria control program, adaptively implemented over time, is described and evaluated with implications for urban malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa more generally.