Biodiversity Observation for Land and Ecosystem Health (BOLEH): A Robust Method to Evaluate the Management Impacts on the Bundle of Carbon and Biodiversity Ecosystem Services in Tropical Production Forests
Biodiversity Observation for Land and Ecosystem Health (BOLEH): A Robust Method to Evaluate the Management Impacts on the Bundle of Carbon and Biodiversity Ecosystem Services in Tropical Production Forests
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DOI：
10.3390/su10114224
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Mannan, Sam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kitayama, Kanehiro;Fujiki, Shogoro;Mannan, Sam
森林管理委员会（FSC）发起了一个新的可持续性机制——生态系统服务认证。在这一制度中，希望获得维持生态系统服务（碳、生物多样性、分水岭、土壤和娱乐服务）认证的管理实体必须核实其活动对选定的生态系统服务没有净负面影响。建立可靠的认证体系的关键挑战是开发一种可靠且具有成本效益的测量方法。就交易成本而言，使用单一方法评估一组生态系统服务将比使用多种方法更有效。我们测试了“土地和生态系统健康的生物多样性观测（BOLEH）”这一单一方法在景观尺度上同时评估马来西亚沙巴州fsc认证的热带生产森林的生物多样性和碳密度的效率。该方法采用基于树属组成与原始森林相似度的森林完整性作为生物多样性的指标。我们在2009年和2014年在这些森林中重复了BOLEH。我们的分析可以发现在这五年中碳和森林完整性的显著时空变化，这反映了这些森林过去的采伐强度和当前的管理制度。这些生态系统服务的增强发生在长期实施可持续管理和减少影响采伐的森林中。本文介绍了BOLEH方法的实施过程和在这些森林的中试结果。
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has initiated a new sustainability mechanism, the ecosystem-services certification. In this system, management entities who wish to be certified for the maintenance of ecosystem services (carbon, biodiversity, watershed, soil and recreational services) must verify that their activities have no net negative impacts on selected ecosystem service(s). Developing a robust and cost-effective measurement method is a key challenge for establishing a credible certification system. Using a single method to evaluate a bundle of ecosystem services will be more efficient in terms of transaction costs than using multiple methods. We tested the efficiency of a single method, "biodiversity observation for land and ecosystem health (BOLEH)", to simultaneously evaluate biodiversity and carbon density on a landscape scale in FSC-certified tropical production forests in Sabah, Malaysia. In this method, forest intactness based on the tree-generic compositional similarity with that of a pristine forest was used as an index of biodiversity. We repeated BOLEH in 2009 and 2014 in these forests. Our analysis could detect significant spatiotemporal changes in both carbon and forest intactness during these five years, which reflected past logging intensities and current management regimes in these forests. Enhancement of these ecosystem services occurred in the forest where sustainable management with reduced-impact logging had long been implemented. In this paper, we describe the procedure of the BOLEH method, and results of the pilot test in these forests.