Oxidative stress, nutrition and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in humans
Oxidative stress, nutrition and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in humans
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DOI：
10.3109/10715769609145656
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Halliwell, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halliwell, B
活性氧和活性氮在人体内形成。内源性抗氧化剂防御不足以完全消除它们，因此可以证明对DNA，脂质，蛋白质和其他分子的持续氧化损伤，并可能导致癌症，心血管疾病和可能的神经退行性疾病的发展。因此，饮食来源的抗氧化剂在预防这些疾病方面可能特别重要。一些抗氧化剂（如抗坏血酸，某些黄酮类化合物）可以发挥促氧化作用，在体外，往往是通过与过渡金属离子的相互作用。这些影响的生理相关性是不确定的，因为大多数饮食来源的抗氧化剂的最佳摄入量也是不确定的。原则上，这些问题可以通过检查膳食组成和/或抗氧化剂补充剂对体内氧化损伤参数的影响来解决。可用于测量稳态损伤的方法（即，损伤和修复或替换受损分子之间的平衡）和DNA，蛋白质和脂质的实际损伤率进行审查，突出领域，迫切需要进一步的方法发展。
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are formed in the human body. Endogenous antioxidant defences are inadequate to scavenge them completely, so that ongoing oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, proteins and other molecules can be demonstrated and may contribute to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease and possibly neurodegenerative disease. Hence diet-derived antioxidants may be particularly important in protecting against these diseases. Some antioxidants (e.g, ascorbate, certain flavonoids) can exert pro-oxidant actions in vitro, often by interaction with transition metal ions. The physiological relevance of these effects is uncertain, as is the optimal intake of most diet-derived antioxidants. In principle, these questions could be addressed by examining the effects of dietary composition and/or antioxidant supplementation upon parameters of oxidative damage in vivo. The methods available for measuring steady-state damage (i.e, the balance between damage and repair or replacement of damaged molecules) and the actual rate of damage to DNA, proteins and lipids are reviewed, highlighting areas in which further methodological development is urgently required.