Quandaries of a decade-long restoration experiment trying to reduce invasive species: beat them, join them, give up, or start over?
Quandaries of a decade-long restoration experiment trying to reduce invasive species: beat them, join them, give up, or start over?
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DOI：
10.1111/rec.12321
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Warman, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cordell, Susan;Ostertag, Rebecca;Warman, Laura
我们评估了夏威夷低地湿地森林长达十年的恢复项目的结果和结果，因为它们与长期管理行动有关。我们最初的研究既是为了促进本土生物多样性，也是为了发展知识，使土地管理机构能够恢复入侵的森林。我们成功的前提是遵循了一种普遍的看法，即短期管理，如清除入侵物种，理想地转化为长期和可持续的恢复。因此，我们感到失望，也许对我们的结果感到气馁，因为尽管目前正在进行劳动密集型管理，但当地生物多样性几乎没有恢复。我们不仅没有将入侵的森林归还给一个以土著为主导的系统，而且我们的努力还导致了招募新的非本地物种组合。夏威夷和其他地方的许多修复项目的一个发人深省的事实是，我们永远不能完全离开，认为这项工作已经完成，否则我们必须接受一些生态系统无法恢复到完全原生状态的事实。从本质上讲，修复的成本可能会超过完成的成本。这一挫折使我们有机会重新考虑和修改我们最初的做法。通过使用本地和非入侵但非本地物种重新开始新的方向，我们采用了加入它们的新哲学。在我们的修订中，我们改变了游戏中的玩家，在入侵物种移除后，种植了本地和非入侵非本地物种，这些物种将在功能上填补生态系统中缺失的角色。我们将社会对这项新实验的兴趣与改变对自然的态度联系在一起。
We evaluate the outcomes and consequences of a decade-long restoration project in a Hawaiian lowland wet forest as they relate to long-term management actions. Our initial study was designed both to promote native biodiversity and to develop knowledge that would enable land management agencies to restore invaded forests. Our premise of success followed the prevalent perception that short-term management, such as removal of invasive species, ideally translates into long-term and sustainable restoration. We were therefore disappointed and perhaps discouraged in our resultslittle recovery of native biodiversity despite ongoing and labor-intensive management. Not only did we fail to return the invaded forest to a native-dominated system but also our efforts lead to recruitment of new non-native species assemblages. The sobering truth of many restoration projects in Hawaii and elsewhere is that we can never completely walk away and consider the job finished, or we have to accept that some ecosystems cannot be returned to an all-native state. Essentially, costs of restoration may outweigh the accomplishment. This setback gave us an opportunity to reconsider and modify our initial approach. By starting over with a new direction using both native and non-invasive but non-native species, we have adopted a new philosophy of join them. In our revision, we changed the players in the game by following invasive species removal with outplantings of native and non-invasive non-native species that will functionally fill missing roles in the ecosystem. We link social interest in the new experiment to changing attitudes about naturalness.