Continuous monitoring of a dam flush in a shallow river using two crossing ultrasonic transmission lines
Continuous monitoring of a dam flush in a shallow river using two crossing ultrasonic transmission lines
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DOI：
10.1088/0957-0233/24/5/055303
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
K. Kawanisi;M. Razaz;J. Yano;K. Ishikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kawanisi;M. Razaz;J. Yano;K. Ishikawa
连续测量的流量和水温进行了在浅砾石床河流在大坝冲洗操作使用一个新的浅声学系统与两个交叉的传输线。河流声学系统（FAS）配备了四个25 kHz的宽带全向换能器。相互的声音传输是在位于河两岸的两对声学站之间进行的。除了深度和距离平均声速外，四站FAS还可以测量水流方向，从而测量水流速度。从FAS报告计算的流量值进行了比较，那些估计的移动船声学多普勒海流剖面仪（ADCP）和额定曲线（RC）的方法。在50至180 m3 s-1的范围内，FAS估计值与ADCP和RC估计值吻合良好。对于25 kHz FAS，温度梯度引起强烈的声散射。细悬浮泥沙颗粒也导致FAS的信噪比逐渐降低。然而，FAS已被证明是一种可靠和准确的技术，用于连续测量横截面平均流速/水温。
Continuous measurements of streamflow and water temperature were carried out in a shallow gravel-bed river during dam flushing operations using a new shallow acoustic system with two crossing transmission lines. The fluvial acoustic system (FAS) was equipped with four 25 kHz broadband omnidirectional transducers. The reciprocal sound transmissions were performed between the two pairs of acoustic stations, located on both sides of the river. The four-station FAS enabled the measurement of the stream direction in addition to the depth- and range-averaged sound speed, and therefore water velocity. Discharge values computed from FAS reports were compared to those estimated by the moving-boat acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and rating curve (RC) methods. FAS estimates were in good agreement with ADCP and RC estimates over a range of 50 to 180 m3 s−1. The temperature gradients induced strong sound scattering for the 25 kHz FAS. The fine suspended sediment particles also induced a gradual decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the FAS. Nevertheless, the FAS has been proved to be a reliable and accurate technique for the continuous measurement of cross-sectional average velocity/water temperature.