Long non-coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development.
Long non-coding RNA regulation of reproduction and development.
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DOI：
10.1002/mrd.22581
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Soloway PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor DH;Chu ET;Spektor R;Soloway PD
非编码RNA（ncRNA）在真核生物基因调控中起着重要作用。十多年前进行的研究表明，剪接的、多腺苷酸化的编码mRNA的成熟是通过涉及小核RNA和小核仁RNA的反应发生的; mRNA翻译取决于由转移RNA和核糖体RNA介导的活动，受到微小RNA的负调控;性染色体和一些印记基因的转录能力由不同物种的ncRNA顺式调控;与Argonaute家族蛋白结合的小干扰RNA和piwi相互作用RNA调节染色质的翻译后修饰和局部基因表达状态。最近，基因调控非编码RNA已被鉴定，例如长基因间和长非编码RNA（统称为lncRNA）-人类中总计超过100，000个转录本的一类，其中包括一些先前提到的调节剂量补偿和印记基因表达的RNA。本文综述了lncRNA的活性及其在生殖过程中的作用，包括生殖细胞的特化、性别决定和性腺发生、性激素反应、减数分裂、配子发生、胎盘形成、非遗传性遗传和生殖组织病理等。从许多物种的结果来说明lncRNA参与的进化保守过程。
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have long been known to play vital roles in eukaryotic gene regulation. Studies conducted over a decade ago revealed that maturation of spliced, polyadenylated coding mRNA occurs by reactions involving small nuclear RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs; mRNA translation depends on activities mediated by transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs, subject to negative regulation by micro RNAs; transcriptional competence of sex chromosomes and some imprinted genes is regulated in cis by ncRNAs that vary by species; and both small-interfering RNAs and piwi-interacting RNAs bound to Argonaute-family proteins regulate post-translational modifications on chromatin and local gene expression states. More recently, gene-regulating noncoding RNAs have been identified, such as long intergenic and long noncoding RNAs (collectively referred to as lncRNAs)—a class totaling more than 100,000 transcripts in humans, which include some of the previously mentioned RNAs that regulate dosage compensation and imprinted gene expression. Here, we provide an overview of lncRNA activities, and then review the role of lncRNAs in processes vital to reproduction, such as germ cell specification, sex determination and gonadogenesis, sex hormone responses, meiosis, gametogenesis, placenta-tion, non-genetic inheritance, and pathologies affecting reproductive tissues. Results from many species are presented to illustrate the evolutionary conserved processes lncRNAs are involved in.