Complex Behavior at Scale: An Experimental Study of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks
Complex Behavior at Scale: An Experimental Study of Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks
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发表时间：
2002
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通讯作者：
Deepak Ganesan;D. Estrin;A. Woo;D. Culler;B. Krishnamachari;S. Wicker
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作者：
Deepak Ganesan;D. Estrin;A. Woo;D. Culler;B. Krishnamachari;S. Wicker
一种新的网络系统正在出现，它涉及大量的小型、低功耗、无线设备。我们目前的调查结果从一个大规模的实证研究，涉及超过150个这样的节点在不同的传输功率设置。在我们的实验中的仪器允许我们在协议栈的各个层分离的影响。在链路层，我们目前的数据包接收，有效的通信范围和链路不对称的统计数据;在MAC层，我们测量竞争，冲突和延迟;在应用层，我们分析了使用洪水构造的树的结构。这项研究表明，即使是一个简单的协议，洪水，也可以表现出惊人的复杂性。这些数据和分析为该领域更广泛的算法研究奠定了基础。
A new class of networked systems is emerging that involve very large numbers of small, low-power, wireless devices. We present findings from a large scale empirical study involving over 150 such nodes operated at various transmission power settings. The instrumentation in our experiments permits us to separate effects at the various layers of the protocol stack. At the link layer, we present statistics on packet reception, effective communication range and link asymmetry; at the MAC layer, we measure contention, collision and latency; and at the application layer, we analyze the structure of trees constructed using flooding. The study reveals that even a simple protocol, flooding, can exhibit surprising complexity at scale. The data and analysis lay a foundation for a much wider set of algorithmic studies in this space.