Combining the Marangoni Effect and the pH-Responsive Superhydrophobicity-Superhydrophilicity Transition to Biomimic the Locomotion Process of the Beetles of Genus Stenus
Combining the Marangoni Effect and the pH-Responsive Superhydrophobicity-Superhydrophilicity Transition to Biomimic the Locomotion Process of the Beetles of Genus Stenus
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DOI：
10.1002/smll.201203105
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发表时间：
2013-08-12
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Shi, Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiao, Meng;Cheng, Mengjiao;Shi, Feng
Stenus属的甲虫是栖息在静止或缓慢流动的水面上的昆虫。昆虫的运动是通过昆虫分泌并储存一种低表面能的化合物在其尾部腺体中，然后从其腺体末端将化合物释放到水面上以在刺激下推动自身向前的过程来完全理解的。[1]这种推动昆虫的现象被称为马兰戈尼效应。温度梯度或浓度梯度导致表面张力梯度，这将自然地导致液体从低表面张力区域流走，从而导致表面的自发搅动。[2]受到这种现象的启发，科学家们对马兰戈尼效应推动的物体的运动给予了大量的关注。一开始，大多数研究人员专注于Marangoni效应推动的随机运动;[3，4]之后，他们开始通过改变实验条件将随机运动调整为规则运动;[5，6]最近，科学家们一直试图通过温度梯度诱导运动，并通过选择性光照射使其智能化。[7]上述工作集中在由马兰戈尼效应推动的设备的运动上，但仍然存在模拟Stenus属的运动过程的挑战，Stenus属储存低表面能化合物，然后响应外部刺激释放它们。经过十亿多年的进化，生物已经完成了智能操纵的过程。向自然学习是新材料智能化发展的永恒主题。因此，通过结合智能材料和纳米技术来模拟Stenus属的生物学现象，在制造功能协同装置的过程中是有趣的。一个功能协同的设备被定义为两个或两个以上的智能材料或表面集成到一个设备中，然后以有序的方式为一个复杂的功能或给定的意图。功能协同器件的发展预示着超越智能材料的新阶段。我们已经设计并制造了一个功能合作的设备，通过整合pH值响应表面和过氧化氢响应铂，它显示了一个潜水浮出水面的周期，模仿潜艇。[8]Kohane及其同事报道了含有温度敏感性聚合物纳米颗粒和磁性纳米颗粒的复合膜，其呈现出触发的药物释放和一致的剂量。[9]Jiang及其同事开发了一种仿生非对称响应单纳米通道装置，通过单纳米通道内的非对称修饰来控制pH和温度可调的非对称离子传输特性。[10]最近，Bao描述了一种由嵌入镍纳米结构微粒的超分子有机聚合物组成的复合材料，该复合材料具有压力和弯曲敏感性，因此适用于电子皮肤应用。[11]到目前为止，功能协同器件的开发已经成功地将智能材料发展为智能器件。然而，据我们所知，还没有关于制造智能设备来模仿Stenus属甲虫中的生物过程的报道;该设备需要能够存储低表面能化合物并响应外部刺激释放它。在此，结合Marangoni效应和超疏水性-超亲水性的pH响应转变，我们设计并制造了一种功能协同装置来模拟…
Beetles of the genus Stenus are insects that inhabit still or slowly-flowing water surfaces. The locomotion of the insect is fully understood by the process whereby the insect secretes and stores a kind of low-surface-energy compound in its pygidial glands, and then releases the compound from its gland end onto the surface of the water to propel itself forwards under stimuli.[1] The phenomenon of propelling the insect is called the Marangoni effect. A temperature gradient or concentration gradient causes a surface tension gradient, which will naturally cause the liquid to flow away from regions of low surface tension, thus leading to spontaneous agitation of the surface.[2] Inspired by this phenomenon, scientists have paid a large amount of attention to the locomotion of an object propelled by the Marangoni effect. In the beginning, most researchers concentrated on the random motion propelled by the Marangoni effect;[3, 4] after that, they began to adjust the random motion to regular motion by changing the experimental condition;[5, 6] recently, scientists have been trying to induce the locomotion by a temperature gradient and make it intelligent through selective photo irradiation.[7] The above works focused on the motion of the device propelled by the Marangoni effect, but there still remains a challenge to mimic the locomotion process of the genus Stenus, which stores low-surface-energy compounds and then releases them in response to external stimuli. Through evolution, for over one billion years, creatures have accomplished the process of intelligent manipulation. Learning from nature is the eternal theme of the intelligent development of new materials. Therefore, it is interesting to mimic the biological phenomenon of the genus Stenus during the fabrication of functionally cooperating devices by combining smart materials and nanotechnology. A functionally cooperating device is defined as the integration of two or more smart materials or surfaces into one device, which then acts in an orderly manner for a complex function or a given intention. The development of the functionally cooperating device heralds a new stage beyond smart materials. We have designed and fabricated a functionally cooperating device by integrating a pH-responsive surface and hydrogen peroxideresponsive platinum, which displays a diving-surfacing cycle, mimicking a submarine.[8] Kohane and coworkers reported composite membranes containing temperature-sensitive polymer nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles which presented triggered drug release and consistent dosing.[9] Jiang and coworkers developed a biomimetic asymmetric responsive single nanochannel device providing control over pH-and temperature-tunable asymmetric ionic transport properties through asymmetric modifications inside the single nanochannels.[10] Very recently, Bao described a composite material composed of a supramolecular organic polymer with embedded nickel nanostructured microparticles, which is pressure-and flexion-sensitive, and therefore suitable for electronic skin applications.[11] Until now, the development of the functionally cooperating device has successfully progressed the smart materials to smart devices. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on fabricating a smart device to mimic the biological process seen in beetles of the genus Stenus; the device needs to be able to store a low-surface-energy compound and release it responding to external stimuli. Herein, combining the Marangoni effect and the pH-responsive transition of superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity, we have designed and fabricated a functionally cooperating device to mimic …