Differential effects of harassment on cardiovascular and salivary cortisol stress reactivity and recovery in women and men
Differential effects of harassment on cardiovascular and salivary cortisol stress reactivity and recovery in women and men
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-3999(98)00075-0
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Wenberg, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Earle, TL;Linden, W;Wenberg, J
为了探讨骚扰对心血管和神经内分泌应激反应和恢复的不同影响，28名男性和32名女性被随机分为骚扰或无骚扰对照组（共四组）。骚扰包括在执行心算压力任务期间提供的三个脚本语句。在任务期间，骚扰性陈述由一名同性实验者按照固定的时间表进行。心血管，唾液皮质醇和状态影响的措施，采取了在基线，立即任务后，并在整个延长恢复期。与控制条件相比，骚扰加重了所有措施，生理和自我报告的主观感受的应激反应。此外，还观察到对压力源的反应和恢复期间的几种性别差异。被骚扰的男性对皮质醇和舒张压的反应最大，而被骚扰的女性对心率和自我报告的敌意表现出更明显的反应。只有被骚扰的那一组表现出了显著的皮质醇反应。在骚扰的条件下，效果大小的比较显示，男性的皮质醇反应是女性的两倍。对照组没有表现出显着的皮质醇变化。在恢复期间，骚扰的男性表现出衰减返回基线的心血管指标和皮质醇，而女性，总体而言，往往表现出过度补偿反应的心血管措施。这些结果有助于显示一种可能与消极影响（即，敌对或愤怒的情绪）与心血管疾病的发展。(C)1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
To explore the differential effects of harassment on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity and recovery, 28 men and 32 women were randomized to a harassment or no-harassment control condition (four groups in total). The harassment consisted of three scripted statements delivered during performance of a mental arithmetic stress task. The harassing statements were delivered on a fixed schedule during the task by a same-gender experimenter. Cardiovascular, salivary cortisol, and state affect measures were taken at baseline, immediately post-task, and throughout an extended recovery period. In comparison to the control condition, harassment accentuated the stress reactivity responses on all measures, physiological and self-report of subjective affect. In addition, several gender differences in response to the stressor and during the recovery period were observed. Harassed men had the largest reactivity on cortisol and diastolic blood pressure, whereas the harassed women showed a more pronounced response on heart rate and self-reported hostility. The harassed groups were the only ones to show significant cortisol responses. Within the harassed condition, comparison of effect sizes revealed that cortisol reactivity in men was twice that of women. Control groups did not exhibit significant cortisol changes. During the recovery period, harassed men exhibited attenuated return to baseline on cardiovascular indices and cortisol, whereas women, overall, tended to exhibit an overcompensation response on cardiovascular measures. These results contribute to showing a pathway that may link negative affect (i.e., hostile or angry feelings) with the development of cardiovascular disease. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.