Feedback between climate change and eutrophication: revisiting the allied attack concept and how to strike back
Feedback between climate change and eutrophication: revisiting the allied attack concept and how to strike back
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DOI：
10.1080/20442041.2022.2029317
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发表时间：
2022-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Jeppesen, Erik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meerhoff, Mariana;Audet, Joachim;Jeppesen, Erik
尽管富营养化对社会和生物多样性产生了众所周知的负面影响，但它仍然是淡水到海洋连续体中最普遍的人为影响之一。十年前，布赖恩·莫斯（Brian Moss）等人在《联合攻击：气候变化和富营养化》一书中明确关注了富营养化与气候变化（特别是气候变暖）之间的相互作用，鉴于这两个问题明显的协同作用，呼吁对这两个问题采取综合应对措施。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这一问题的理论框架和实证研究的进展，并分析了目前对气候变化加剧富营养化的主要驱动因素和机制的认识，反之亦然，特别关注浅水湖泊。气候变化可以通过流域和景观水平的变化、影响水文模式和火灾频率以及温度对养分循环的影响来影响养分负荷。生物群落及其相互作用也可能直接或间接受到气候变化的影响，导致对富营养化影响的恢复能力整体减弱。现在越来越多的经验证据表明，富营养化水生系统可以通过多种机制日益成为大气中温室气体（尤其是甲烷）的重要来源。我们还强调了富营养化、蓝藻水华和气候变化之间的潜在反馈。同时面对这两个挑战比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。因此，如果我们要确保生态系统的复原力和安全供水、保护生物多样性并减少淡水的碳足迹，就需要在景观和水体层面采取有意义和强有力的措施。
Despite its well-established negative impacts on society and biodiversity, eutrophication continues to be one of the most pervasive anthropogenic influences along the freshwater to marine continuum. The interaction between eutrophication and climate change, particularly climate warming, was explicitly focused upon a decade ago by Brian Moss and others in "Allied attack: climate change and eutrophication," which called for an integrated response to both problems, given their apparent synergy. In this review, we summarise advances in the theoretical framework and empirical research on this issue and analyse the current understanding of the major drivers and mechanisms by which climate change can enhance eutrophication, and vice versa, with a particular focus on shallow lakes. Climate change can affect nutrient loading through changes at the catchment and landscape levels by affecting hydrological patterns and fire frequency and through temperature effects on nutrient cycling. Biotic communities and their interactions can also be directly and indirectly affected by climate change, leading to an overall weakening of resilience to eutrophication impacts. Increasing empirical evidence now indicates several mechanisms by which eutrophying aquatic systems can increasingly act as important sources of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, particularly methane. We also highlight potential feedback among eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms, and climate change. Facing both challenges simultaneously is more pressing than ever. Meaningful and strong measures at the landscape and waterbody levels are therefore required if we are to ensure ecosystem resilience and safe water supply, conserve biodiversity, and decrease the carbon footprint of freshwaters.