Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America.
Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05731.x
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Flatt T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fabian DK;Kapun M;Nolte V;Kofler R;Schmidt PS;Schlötterer C;Flatt T
理解适应性变化的遗传基础是进化生物学中一个基本但基本上尚未解决的问题。黑腹果蝇，一个祖先的热带昆虫，已经蔓延到温带地区，成为世界性的，提供了一个强大的机会，确定潜在的倾斜适应的分子多态性。在这里，我们使用全基因组的下一代测序的DNA池（“池seq”）从三个人口收集沿着北美东海岸，以研究模式的纬度分化。比较这些种群的基因组是特别有趣的，因为它们在一些重要的生活史性状中表现出倾斜变异。我们发现了广泛的纬度分化，其中许多最强烈分化的基因参与主要功能途径，如胰岛素/TOR、蜕皮激素、躯干、EGFR、TGFβ/BMP、JAK/STAT、免疫和昼夜节律途径。我们观察到染色体3R上特别强烈的分化，特别是在（3R）Payne的世界性倒位中，其中包含大量的临床变异基因。虽然大部分分化可能是由In（3R）P频率的临床差异驱动的，但我们也确定了可能独立于这种倒置的基因。我们的研究结果提供了全基因组范围内的证据，与广泛的空间可变选择作用于众多的位点和途径沿着著名的北美渐变群，与许多候选人牵连在生活史调节和表现出平行分化沿着以前调查的澳大利亚渐变群。
Understanding the genetic underpinnings of adaptive change is a fundamental but largely unresolved problem in evolutionary biology. Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect that has spread to temperate regions and become cosmopolitan, offers a powerful opportunity for identifying the molecular polymorphisms underlying clinal adaptation. Here, we use genome-wide next-generation sequencing of DNA pools ('pool-seq') from three populations collected along the North American east coast to examine patterns of latitudinal differentiation. Comparing the genomes of these populations is particularly interesting since they exhibit clinal variation in a number of important life history traits. We find extensive latitudinal differentiation, with many of the most strongly differentiated genes involved in major functional pathways such as the insulin/TOR, ecdysone, torso, EGFR, TGFβ/BMP, JAK/STAT, immunity and circadian rhythm pathways. We observe particularly strong differentiation on chromosome 3R, especially within the cosmopolitan inversion In(3R)Payne, which contains a large number of clinally varying genes. While much of the differentiation might be driven by clinal differences in the frequency of In(3R)P, we also identify genes that are likely independent of this inversion. Our results provide genome-wide evidence consistent with pervasive spatially variable selection acting on numerous loci and pathways along the well-known North American cline, with many candidates implicated in life history regulation and exhibiting parallel differentiation along the previously investigated Australian cline.