Social factors and the process of risk construction in HIV sexual transmission
Social factors and the process of risk construction in HIV sexual transmission
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DOI：
10.1080/09540129750125244
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Bajos, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bajos, N
本文回顾了用于分析艾滋病毒性传播风险构建过程的不同方法。个体主义方法侧重于理解个体风险表征是如何构建的。建构主义理论认为，风险建构的过程是在与他人的关系中发生的，并受到社会语境的影响。从理论和方法的角度考虑这些程序的特殊性，并使用不同国家的定量和定性研究中的例子。零艾滋病毒风险在现实中并不存在，人们往往通过使用避孕套和其他预防战略来降低风险。因此，预防运动的目标应该是减少风险，而不是消除风险。建构主义研究阐明了为什么有些人不保护自己，主要是因为边缘化进程和性别角色的社会正常化。它还阐明了为什么预防行为根据伙伴的类型而不同，说明预防行为如何取决于权力角色关系和社会、性或保密关系以及爱的感觉。
This paper reviews different approaches used to analyse the process of risk construction as concerns the sexual transmission of HIV. Individualistic approaches focus on understanding how individual risk representation is constructed. Constructivist approaches consider that the process of risk construction occurs in relation with other people and is affected by social context. The specificities of these procedures are considered from theoretical and methodological points of view, and by using examples taken from quantitative and qualitative research in different countries. Zero exposure to HIV risk does not exist in reality, and people tend to reduce their risk through condom use and other prevention strategies. Prevention campaigns should thus aim for risk reduction instead of risk elimination. Constructivist research elucidates why some people do not protect themselves, notably because of marginalization processes and social normalization of gender roles. It also elucidates why preventive behaviour differs according to type of partner by showing how preventive behaviour depends on power role relationships and social, sexual or confidential relationships, and feelings of love.