Emerging Pathogenic Unit of Vesicle-Cloaked Murine Norovirus Clusters is Resistant to Environmental Stresses and UV 254 Disinfection
Emerging Pathogenic Unit of Vesicle-Cloaked Murine Norovirus Clusters is Resistant to Environmental Stresses and UV 254 Disinfection
复制标题
囊泡包裹的鼠诺如病毒簇的新兴致病单位能够抵抗环境压力和 UV 254 消毒
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c01763
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Shuai, Danmeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Mengyang;Ghosh, Sourish;Kumar, Manish;Santiana, Marianita;Bleck, Christopher K.;Chaimongkol, Natthawan;Altan-Bonnet, Nihal;Shuai, Danmeng
在病毒学中，一个单独的病毒体一直被认为是一个独立的感染单位，直到最近发现的囊泡病毒簇，这极大地挑战了这一中心范式。囊泡包被病毒簇（也称为病毒囊泡）是磷脂双层包封的液囊，含有多个病毒粒子或多个病毒基因组拷贝。诺如病毒是全球主要的胃肠炎病原体，报道的粪便中囊泡包裹的诺如病毒簇的流行引起了人们对目前的消毒、卫生和卫生实践是否能有效控制这些病原体单位对环境的污染的关注。在这项研究中，我们已经证明了囊泡掩盖的鼠诺如病毒（MNV-1）簇在温度变化下是高度持久的（即，冻融），并且它们部分地抵抗洗涤剂分解。MNV-1囊泡在体外的感染性是其游离病毒对应物的1.89-3.17倍。最重要的是，在体外低病毒载量下，MNV-1囊泡对UV 254消毒的抵抗力是游离MNV-1的2.16倍。有趣的是，随着病毒载量的增加，游离MNV-1和MNV-1囊泡对UV 254消毒的抵抗力相当。我们表明，由囊泡提供的感染的多样性增加是部分负责这些属性。我们的研究首次揭示了囊泡病毒簇作为独特的新兴致病单位的环境行为。我们的研究强调，需要重新审视当前的消毒，卫生和卫生习惯的范例，以保护公众健康。
An individual virion was long believed to act as an independent infectious unit in virology, until the recent discovery of vesicle-cloaked virus clusters which has greatly challenged this central paradigm. Vesicle-cloaked virus clusters (also known as viral vesicles) are phospholipid-bilayer encapsulated fluid sacs that contain multiple virions or multiple copies of viral genomes. Norovirus is a global leading causative agent of gastroenteritis, and the reported prevalence of vesicle-cloaked norovirus clusters in stool has raised concerns whether the current disinfection, sanitation, and hygiene practices can effectively control environmental pollution by these pathogenic units. In this study, we have demonstrated that vesicle-cloaked murine norovirus (MNV-1) clusters were highly persistent under temperature variation (i.e., freeze–thaw) and they were partially resistant to detergent decomposition. MNV-1 vesicles were 1.89–3.17-fold more infectious in vitro than their free virus counterparts. Most importantly, MNV-1 vesicles were up to 2.16-times more resistant to UV254disinfection than free MNV-1 at a low viral load in vitro. Interestingly, with the increase of the viral load, free MNV-1 and MNV-1 vesicles showed equivalent resistance to UV254disinfection. We show that the increased multiplicity of infection provided by vesicles is in part responsible for these attributes. Our study, for the first time, sheds light on the environmental behavior of vesicle-cloaked virus clusters as unique emerging pathogenic units. Our study highlights the need to revisit current paradigms of disinfection, sanitation, and hygiene practices for protecting public health.