Determining Alignment of Expectations and Assessments in Mathematics and Science Education.
Determining Alignment of Expectations and Assessments in Mathematics and Science Education.
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
N. Webb
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作者：
N. Webb
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v Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Importance of Alignment 1 Alignment in Principle 3 Alignment of Expectations and Assessments 4 Alignment in Practice 5 Interpretation of Alignment by States 7 Three Methods for Aligning Documents 8 Sequential Development 8 Expert Review 9 Document Analyses 11 Quality Control 13 Specific Criteria 14 1 Content Focus 14 A Categorical Concurrence 14 B Depth of Knowledge Consistency 15 C Range of Knowledge Correspondence 17 D Structure of Knowledge Comparability 19 E Balance of Representation 20 F Dispositional Consonance 22