A multiple-levels-of-analysis perspective on resilience - Implications for the developing brain, neural plasticity, and preventive interventions
A multiple-levels-of-analysis perspective on resilience - Implications for the developing brain, neural plasticity, and preventive interventions
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1376.029
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blender, Jennfer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cicchetti, Dante;Blender, Jennfer A.
弹性功能，即在逆境中获得意想不到的能力，是人类发展中最有趣和最具适应性的现象之一。尽管人们越来越关注发现高风险个体不会出现适应不良的过程，但复原力的实证研究主要集中在检测这种现象的心理社会决定因素。为了使复原力领域以与结构固有的复杂性相称的方式发展，通过加强在发展精神病理学框架内设计的跨学科研究的实施，将有助于理解潜在过程的努力。这种性质的研究需要考虑心理、生物和环境背景过程，从这些过程中可能最终形成复原力（称为平等性），以及那些在实现复原力功能的个体中产生不同结果的过程（称为多重最终性）。讨论了神经可塑性和恢复力机制之间可能的关系，以及有关研究这种关联所需的研究问题的具体建议。提供了发育神经科学和分子遗传学的例子来说明将生物学纳入弹性研究的潜力。强调了采用多层次分析视角来设计和评估干预措施的重要性，这些干预措施旨在培养面临重大逆境的人的复原力结果。
Resilient functioning, the attainment of unexpected competence despite significant adversity, is among the most intriguing and adaptive phenomena of human development. Although growing attention has been paid to discovering the processes through which individuals at high risk do not develop maladaptively, the empirical study of resilience has focused predominantly on detecting the psychosocial determinants of the phenomenon. For the field of resilience to grow in ways that are commensurate with the complexity inherent to the construct, efforts to understand underlying processes will be facilitated by the increased implementation of interdisciplinary research designed within a developmental psychopathology framework. Research of this nature would entail a consideration of psychological, biological, and environmental-contextual processes from which pathways to resilience might eventuate (known as equifinality), as well as those that result in diverse outcomes among individuals who have achieved resilient functioning (know as multifinality). The possible relation between the mechanisms of neural plasticity and resilience and specific suggestions concerning research questions needed to examine this association are discussed. Examples from developmental neuroscience and molecular genetics are provided to illustrate the potential of incorporating biology into the study of resilience. The importance of adopting a multiple-levels-of-analysis perspective for designing and evaluating interventions aimed at fostering resilient outcomes in persons facing significant adversity is emphasized.