The impact of hydrological changes on travertine deposits related to thermal springs in the Pamukkale area (SW Turkey)
The impact of hydrological changes on travertine deposits related to thermal springs in the Pamukkale area (SW Turkey)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00254-003-0941-8
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发表时间：
2004-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cüneyt Dilsiz;J. Marques;P. Carreira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cüneyt Dilsiz;J. Marques;P. Carreira
棉花堡热沃茨（35 °C），显示出钙-碳酸氢盐-硫酸盐的成分和高二氧化碳浓度，主要来自于大气降水。通过断层和裂缝循环的大气流体，被深部岩浆侵入体加热，从深部储层上升到地表。在近地表区域与相对较冷的地下水混合，促进了碳酸钙的不同饱和条件，碳酸钙随后在深度和/或表面沉淀。碳酸钙在表层和深层环境中的溶解-沉积过程可能有助于重建该领域过去的气候方向。在潮湿的气候条件下，碳酸钙的积累速度预计会很高，因为热流体与冷地下水的混合比例相对较高，在深层碳酸钙饱和度较低。在干燥的气候条件下，热流体将在深度过饱和，因为高度酸性的环境。水文气象研究表明，棉花堡热液区的年降水量随时间而减少。该地区的这种气候变化也从地质记录中发现。虽然潮湿的气候条件在第四纪晚期占主导地位，该地区最近受到干旱/半干旱气候条件的影响，随后发生了一些阶段性的转变。这项研究显示了该系统如何可能自古代以来对不同的气候条件作出反应。
Pamukkale thermal waters (35 °C), exhibiting calcium-bicarbonate-sulfate composition and high carbon dioxide concentration, are of a predominantly meteoric origin. The meteoric fluid, circulating through faults and fractures, is heated by magmatic intrusions at great depth, and ascends from deep reservoirs to the surface. Mixing with relatively cold groundwater in the near surface zone promotes different saturation conditions with respect to calcium carbonate that later precipitates at depth and/or the surface. Dissolution-deposition processes of calcium carbonate both at surface and depth environments may help to reconstruct past climate direction in the field. During wet climate conditions a high-rate of calcium carbonate accumulation would be expected to occur at the surface because thermal fluid would be under-saturated with respect to calcium carbonate at depth because of a relatively higher mixing ratio with cold groundwater. During dry climate conditions the thermal fluid would be super-saturated at depth because of the highly acidic environment. Hydrometeorological studies reveal that the annual precipitation at the Pamukkale hydrothermal field tends to decrease with time. This climatic change in the area was also detected from geological records. While humid climate conditions prevailed during the late Quaternary, the area has recently been affected by arid/semi-arid climate conditions, followed by some episodic transitions. This study has shown how the system has possibly reacted to different climate conditions since antiquity.