Western Gray Squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae): A Primary Reservoir Host of Borrelia burgdorferi in Californian Oak Woodlands?
Western Gray Squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae): A Primary Reservoir Host of Borrelia burgdorferi in Californian Oak Woodlands?
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西部灰松鼠（啮齿目：松鼠科）：加州橡树林中伯氏疏螺旋体的主要宿主？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
L. Eisen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Lane;J. Mun;R. Eisen;L. Eisen
在加州，密集的林地已被认为是重要的生境，人类在那里暴露于西方黑脚蜱的若虫阶段，太平洋硬蜱Cooley & Kohls，莱姆病螺旋体伯氏疏螺旋体狭义（s.s.）的主要载体，在美国西部。确定该螺旋体和B中密切相关螺旋体的主要储存宿主。广义布格多费里公司2002年和2003年，在加州门多西诺县的密集林地，对150种鸟类和哺乳动物（包括木鼠和袋鼠鼠）作为媒介蜱和疏螺旋体的潜在宿主进行了评估。虽然聚合酶链反应（PCR）和测序分析显示，许多脊椎动物物种已暴露于一个或多个成员的B。布格多费里公司在螺旋体复合体中，只有西部灰松鼠（Sciurusgriseus）符合B的储存宿主的主要标准。狭义伯氏疏从五个独立的林地收集的10只松鼠中有8只的耳穿孔活检对B呈PCR阳性。burgdorferi s.s.，47%的I。从松鼠体内取出的幼虫（n = 64）和幼虫（n = 49）中有31%含有B。burgdorferi s.l.，和I. pacificus幼虫与螺旋体的获得呈正相关。总体而言，83%和100%的扩增子从PCR阳性I. pacificus幼虫和分别鉴定为B。狭义伯氏疏在剩下的五个阳性I。pacificus幼虫，3个含有B。bissettii和2个具有未表征的B。布格多费里公司伯氏疏螺旋体在太平洋海岸蜱类（Dermacentor octagentalis马克思）的五只幼虫中的一只和两只幼虫中的零只中检测到了这种病毒，这种蜱类同样是从松鼠身上取出的。人类无形体病立克次体病原体，嗜吞噬细胞无形体，在两只松鼠的血液或耳活检中检测到，在64只I中的一只（1.6%）中检测到。pacificus幼虫和两个（4.1%）的49从松鼠。1只立克次体阳性幼虫与B菌共感染。狭义伯氏疏S. B为灰肌。burgdorferi s.s.，加上这种松鼠的地理分布与该地区大多数报告的人类莱姆病病例的地理分布完全一致的事实，表明它可能是维持B疫源地所必需的。狭义伯氏疏在某些类型的林地中。对A.嗜吞噬细胞菌，虽然不太确定的意义，建议S。灰杆菌可作为立克次体的第二宿主。
Abstract In California, dense woodlands have been recognized as important biotopes where humans are exposed to the nymphal stage of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, the primary vector of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), in the far-western United States. To identify the principal reservoir host(s) of this spirochete, and of closely related spirochetes in the B. burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, in dense woodlands in Mendocino County, California, ≈50 species of birds and mammals, including wood rats and kangaroo rats, were evaluated as potential hosts for vector ticks and borreliae in 2002 and 2003. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analyses revealed that many vertebrate species had been exposed to one or more members of the B. burgdorferi s.l. spirochetal complex, only the western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus, fulfilled the major criteria for a reservoir host of B. burgdorferi s.s. Ear-punch biopsies from eight of 10 squirrels collected from five separate woodlands were PCR-positive for B. burgdorferi s.s., 47% of I. pacificus larvae (n = 64) and 31% of nymphs (n = 49) removed from squirrels contained B. burgdorferi s.l., and the engorgement status of I. pacificus larvae was associated positively with acquisition of spirochetes. Overall, 83 and 100% of the amplicons sequenced from PCR-positive I. pacificus larvae and nymphs, respectively, were identified as B. burgdorferi s.s. Among the five remaining positive I. pacificus larvae, three contained B. bissettii and two had uncharacterized B. burgdorferi s.l. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was detected in one of five larvae and zero of two nymphs of the Pacific Coast tick, Dermacentor occidentalis Marx, that likewise had been removed from squirrels. The rickettsial agent of human anaplasmosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, was detected in the blood or ear biopsies of two squirrels and in one (1.6%) of 64 I. pacificus larvae and two (4.1%) of 49 nymphs obtained from squirrels. The one rickettsial-positive larva was coinfected with B. burgdorferi s.s. The apparently high reservoir potential of S. griseus for B. burgdorferi s.s., plus the fact that the geographic distribution of this squirrel coincides well with that of most reported human cases of Lyme disease in this region, indicated that it may be essential for maintaining foci of B. burgdorferi s.s. in certain types of woodlands. The findings with respect to A. phagocytophilum, although of less certain significance, suggest that S. griseus could serve as a secondary host of this rickettsia.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80103-1
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology
影响因子：
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作者：
Lane,RS;Burgdorfer,W
通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
The Journal of parasitology.
影响因子：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
The Journal of parasitology.
影响因子：
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作者：
Talleklint-Eisen,L;Lane,RS
通讯作者：
Lane,RS
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology.
影响因子：
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作者：
Foley,JanetE;Foley,Patrick;Brown,RichardN;Lane,RobertS;Dumlers,JSteven;Madigan,JohnE
通讯作者：
Madigan,JohnE