Faculty perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in academic medicine
Faculty perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in academic medicine
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DOI：
10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00007
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发表时间：
2000-06-06
影响因子：
39.2
通讯作者：
Moskowitz, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carr, PL;Ash, AS;Moskowitz, MM
背景：基于性别的歧视和性骚扰在医疗实践中很常见，在学术医学中可能更为普遍。目的：调查医学院教员中基于性别的歧视和性骚扰的普遍程度，以及基于性别的歧视与出版物数量、职业满意度和职业发展看法之间的关系。设计：美国医学院教员自行管理的邮寄问卷，涵盖与学术生活相关的广泛主题。背景：美国本土随机选择的 24 所医学院。 参与者： 3332 名全职教师的随机样本，按专业、毕业队列和性别分层。 测量： 自我报告的歧视和骚扰经历的发生率、同行评审出版物的数量、职业满意度和对职业发展的看法。 结果： 女性教师感知到学术中基于性别的歧视的可能性是男性教师的 2.5 倍以上环境（P < 0.001）。在女性中，报告的歧视率从最年轻的教员的 47% 到最年长的教员的 70% 不等。报告遭受负面性别偏见的女性与其他女性相比，生产率相似，但职业满意度得分较低（P（0.001）。大约一半的女教员经历过某种形式的性骚扰，但很少有男教职人员经历过某种形式的性骚扰。这些经历在样本中的机构和美国所有地区都同样普遍。报告受到性骚扰的女教员比其他女性更频繁地感受到学术环境中的性别偏见（80% 比 61%），并且更经常报告在学术环境中经历过性别偏见。职业发展（72% 与 47%）没有受到性骚扰的影响，经历过性骚扰的女教员的自我评估职业发展仅略有下降（P = 0.06）。结论：尽管女教员数量大幅增加，但基于性别的歧视和性骚扰的报告仍然很常见。
Background: Gender-based discrimination and sexual harassment are common in medical practice and may be even more prevalent in academic medicine.Objective: To examine the prevalence of gender-based discrimination and sexual harassment among medical school faculty and the associations of gender-based discrimination with number of publications, career satisfaction, and perceptions of career advancement.Design: A self-administered mailed questionnaire of U.S. medical school faculty that covered a broad range of topics relating to academic life. Setting: 24 randomly selected medical schools in the contiguous United States.Participants: A random sample of 3332 full-time faculty, stratified by specialty, graduation cohort, and sex.Measurements: Prevalence of self-reported experiences of discrimination and harassment, number of peer-reviewed publications, career satisfaction, and perception of career advancement.Results: Female faculty were more than 2.5 times more likely than male faculty to perceive gender-based discrimination in the academic environment (P < 0.001). Among women, rates of reported discrimination ranged from 47% for the youngest faculty to 70% for the oldest faculty. Women who reported experiencing negative gender bias had similar productivity but lower career satisfaction scores than did other women (P ( 0.001). About half of female faculty but few male faculty experienced some form of sexual harassment. These experiences were similarly prevalent across the institutions in the sample and in all regions of the United States. Female faculty who reported being sexually harassed perceived gender-specific bias in the academic environment more often than did other women (80% compared with 61%) and more often reported experiencing gender bias in professional advancement (72% compared with 47%). Publications, career satisfaction, and professional confidence were not affected by sexual harassment, and self-assessed career advancement was only marginally lower for female faculty who had experienced sexual harassment (P = 0.06).Conclusion: Despite substantial increases in the number of female faculty, reports of gender-based discrimination and sexual harassment remain common.