Deciphering transcription dysregulation in FSH muscular dystrophy.

Deciphering transcription dysregulation in FSH muscular dystrophy.
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DOI:
10.1038/jhg.2012.74
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发表时间:
2012-08
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学3区
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--
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DUX4是一个存在于串联阵列中的含有同源框的基因,与面肩肱型肌营养不良症(FSHD)(一种显性常染色体疾病)有关。关于DUX4的新发现提出了关于这种独特疾病的分子病理学的许多基本问题,因为它们已经回答了。本文综述了最近的研究,旨在解决成人来源的成肌细胞和肌管(肌肉修复的前体)中是否存在广泛的FSHD相关转录失调的问题。DUX4在FSHD中的作用的两个模型。一个涉及DUX4在成肌细胞阶段之前在肌肉谱系中的许多细胞中的瞬时致病性表达,导致持续的疾病相关转录谱(“多数规则”),其可能通过DUX4的后续振荡表达而增强。另一个模型强调DUX4的不适当表达仅在极小百分比的FSHD成肌细胞或肌管核中的毒性作用(“少数规则”)。目前青睐的少数规则模型不支持FSHD成肌细胞和肌管中的转录失调的最近的研究。它还提出了其他困难,例如,解释全长DUX4转录本在FSHD成纤维细胞中的表达。多数规则模型是对FSHD相关基因表达和DUX4编码的同源结构域蛋白质的发现的更简单的解释。
DUX4 , a homeobox-containing gene present in a tandem array, is implicated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a dominant autosomal disease. New findings about DUX4 have raised as many fundamental questions about the molecular pathology of this unique disease as they have answered. This review discusses recent studies addressing the question of whether there is extensive FSHD-related transcription dysregulation in adult-derived myoblasts and myotubes, the precursors for muscle repair. Two models for the role of DUX4 in FSHD are presented. One involves transient pathogenic expression of DUX4 in many cells in the muscle lineage before the myoblast stage resulting in a persistent, disease-related transcription profile (‘Majority Rules’), which might be enhanced by subsequent oscillatory expression of DUX4. The other model emphasizes the toxic effects of inappropriate expression of DUX4 in only an extremely small percentage of FSHD myoblasts or myotube nuclei (‘Minority Rules’). The currently favored Minority Rules model is not supported by recent studies of transcription dysregulation in FSHD myoblasts and myotubes. It also presents other difficulties, for example, explaining the expression of full-length DUX4 transcripts in FSHD fibroblasts. The Majority Rules model is the simpler explanation of findings about FSHD-associated gene expression and the DUX4-encoded homeodomain-type protein.
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