Matching Faces to Photographs: Poor Performance in Eyewitness Memory (Without the Memory)
Matching Faces to Photographs: Poor Performance in Eyewitness Memory (Without the Memory)
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DOI：
10.1037/a0013464
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Burton, A. Mike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Megreya, Ahmed M.;Burton, A. Mike
目击者的记忆是不可靠的。我们描述了3个实验，旨在建立基线性能识别不熟悉的面孔。在实验1中，观众看到了现场演员或照片（目标），然后立即呈现10张面孔（测试项目）。当被问及测试项目中是否存在目标，以及如果存在以识别该人时，参与者表现出较差的表现水平（大约70%的准确率）。此外，对一个活生生的人和照片的即时记忆之间没有区别。在实验2中，相同的目标和测试项目同时呈现。参与者被要求执行一项匹配的任务。同样，性能很差（大约68%的准确率），匹配照片和真人之间没有区别。在最后的实验中。观众被要求将一个活生生的人与一张照片相匹配。即使在这些条件下，性能也很差（C。85%），与匹配2张照片相比没有优势。我们认为，目击者识别的问题可能涉及困难，在最初的编码不熟悉的面孔，除了记忆的问题。
Eyewitness memory is known to be fallible. We describe 3 experiments that aim to establish baseline performance for recognition of unfamiliar faces. In Experiment 1, viewers were shown live actors or photos (targets), and then immediately presented with arrays of 10 faces (test items). Asked whether the target was present among the test items, and if so to identify the person, participants showed poor performance levels (roughly 70% accurate). Furthermore, there was no difference between immediate memory for a live person and photograph. In Experiment 2, the same targets and test items were presented simultaneously. and participants were asked to perform a matching task. Again, performance was poor (roughly 68% accurate), with no difference between matching photos and live people. In the final experiment. viewers were asked to match a live person to a single photograph. Even under these conditions, performance was poor (c. 85%), with no advantage over matching 2 photographs. We suggest that problems of eyewitness identification may involve difficulties in initial encoding of unfamiliar faces, in addition to problems of memory for an event.