VIP and PACAP: recent insights into their functions/roles in physiology and disease from molecular and genetic studies.
VIP and PACAP: recent insights into their functions/roles in physiology and disease from molecular and genetic studies.
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DOI：
10.1097/med.0b013e328342568a
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jensen RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moody TW;Ito T;Osefo N;Jensen RT
VIP和PACAP以及介导其作用的三类g蛋白偶联受体广泛分布于中枢神经系统和外周组织。据报道，这些肽在不同的组织中有许多作用，这些作用是生理的或药理学的，以及哪种受体介导哪种作用，一直难以确定，主要是由于缺乏有效的、稳定的、选择性的激动剂/拮抗剂。最近，利用靶向敲除（KO）肽或特定受体的动物实验，为了解它们在正常生理和疾病状态中的作用提供了重要的见解。在回顾期间，对VIP/PACAP及其受体在许多不同疾病/领域中的作用的理解取得了相当大的进展和见解。特别是，对它们在能量代谢、葡萄糖调节、胃肠道炎症和运动等各种胃肠道过程中的作用以及它们在中枢神经系统和中枢神经系统疾病中的作用的认识已经大大扩展。PACAP/VIP以及三种受体在许多生理/病理生理过程中都很重要，其中一些在这些研究中通过敲除动物发现。这些研究可能会导致新的治疗方法。特别重要的是它们在葡萄糖代谢和胰岛上的作用，可能导致治疗糖尿病的新方法；它们新的抗炎、细胞保护作用、中枢神经保护作用以及它们在精神分裂症和慢性抑郁症等疾病中的可能作用。
VIP and PACAP as well as the three classes of G-protein-coupled receptors mediating their effects, are widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral tissues. These peptides are reported to have many effects in different tissues, which are physiological or pharmacological, and which receptor mediates which effect, has been difficult to determine, primarily due to lack of potent, stable, selective agonists/antagonists. Recently the use of animals with targeted knockout (KO) of the peptide or a specific receptor has provided important insights into the role of their role in normal physiology and disease states. During the review period, considerable progress and insights has occurred in the understanding of the role of VIP/PACAP as well as their receptors in a number of different disorders/areas. Particularly, insights into their roles in energy metabolism, glucose regulation, various gastrointestinal processes including GI inflammatory conditions and motility and their role in the CNS as well as CNS diseases has greatly expanded. PACAP/VIP as well as there three classes of receptors are important in many physiological/pathophysiological processes, some of which are identified in these studies using knockout animals. These studies may lead to new novel treatment approaches. Particularly important are their roles in glucose metabolism and on islets leading to possible novel approaches in diabetes; their novel anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective effects, their CNS neuroprotective effects, and their possible roles in diseases such as schizophrenia and chronic depression.