Longitudinal human milk macronutrients, body composition and infant appetite during early life
Longitudinal human milk macronutrients, body composition and infant appetite during early life
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.024
复制
发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Hokken-Koelega, Anita C. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Fluiter, Kirsten S.;Kerkhof, Gerthe F.;Hokken-Koelega, Anita C. S.
背景与目的：母乳喂养是婴儿喂养的黄金标准。与纵向身体成分和食欲有关的大量营养素的数据非常稀少。这项研究的目的是调查1个月和3个月的纵向母乳中的大量营养素与健康足月儿早期的身体成分和食欲的关系。我们假设，摄入高热量母乳的婴儿会有更多的体脂质量和更早的饱腹感。方法：在133名纯母乳喂养的婴儿(索菲亚·布鲁托队列)中，用Miris母乳分析仪分析1个月和3个月的母乳样本中的常量营养素(脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物)，并通过婴儿进食行为问卷评估食欲。用PEA POD和DXA测量脂肪质量(FM)和脱脂质量(FFM)，用超声波测量腹部FM。结果：牛奶样品中的常量营养素差异很大，尤其是脂肪含量。蛋白质和能量含量从1个月到3个月显著下降。脂肪和碳水化合物含量呈下降趋势(p=0.066和0.081)。3个月的脂肪(g/100ml)和能量(大卡/100ml)含量与6个月的Fm%相关(F3分别为0.387和0.040)。1-6个月(分别为f3 0.088和0.009)的Fm%收益，但2年后Fm%不变。3个月的碳水化合物含量与2岁时的内脏Fm呈正相关(f3 0.290，p=0.0 6)。喝高热量牛奶的婴儿吃饱的时间更早，完成喂养的速度也更快。结论：我们的纵向数据显示，从1到3个月，乳蛋白和能量含量下降，而脂肪和碳水化合物含量有下降的趋势。母亲之间的常量营养素组成，特别是脂肪含量有很大的不同。3个月的乳脂和能量含量与1至6个月龄的FM%的增加有关，这表明在肥胖症规划的关键窗口期间，较高的脂肪和能量含量与较高的FM%的增加有关。由于接受高热量母乳喂养的婴儿较早吃饱，这种自我调节机制可能会防止摄入过多的常量营养素。在线试验注册：NTR，NL7833。(C)2021作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。这是一篇在CC by License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).下的开放获取文章
Background & aims: Breastfeeding is the gold standard infant feeding. Data on macronutrients in relation to longitudinal body composition and appetite are very scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal human milk macronutrients at 1 and 3 months in association with body composition and appetite during early life in healthy, term-born infants. We hypothesized that infants receiving higher caloric human milk would have more body fat mass and satiate earlier.Methods: In 133 exclusively breastfed infants (Sophia Pluto Cohort), human milk samples at 1 and 3 months were analyzed for macronutrients (fat, protein, carbohydrate) by MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer, with appetite assessment by Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaires. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by PEA POD and DXA, and abdominal FM by ultrasound.Results: Milk samples showed large differences in macronutrients, particularly in fat content. Protein and energy content decreased significantly from 1 to 3 months. Fat and carbohydrate content tended to decrease (p = 0.066 and 0.081). Fat (g/100 ml) and energy (kcal/100 ml) content at 3 months were associated with FM% at 6 months (f3 0.387 and 0.040, resp.) and gain in FM% from 1 to 6 months (f3 0.088 and 0.009, resp.), but not with FM% at 2 years. Carbohydrate content at 3 months tended to associate with visceral FM at 2 years (f3 0.290, p = 0.06). Infants receiving higher caloric milk were earlier satiated and finished feeding faster.Conclusions: Our longitudinal data show decreasing milk protein and energy content from age 1 to 3 months, while fat and carbohydrate tended to decrease. Macronutrient composition, particularly fat content, differed considerably between mothers. Milk fat and energy content at 3 months associated with gain in FM% from age 1 to 6 months, indicating that higher fat and energy content associate with higher gain in FM% during the critical window for adiposity programming. As infants receiving higher caloric breastfeeding were earlier satiated, this self-regulatory mechanism might prevent intake of excessive macronutrients. Online trial registry: NTR, NL7833.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).