Recombination and selectional forces in cyanopeptolin NRPS operons from highly similar, but geographically remote Planktothrix strains

Recombination and selectional forces in cyanopeptolin NRPS operons from highly similar, but geographically remote Planktothrix strains
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2180-8-141
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发表时间:
2008-08-26
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Jakobsen, Kjetill S.
Jakobsen, Kjetill S.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rounge, Trine B.;Rohrlack, Thomas;Jakobsen, Kjetill S.

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背景:蓝蛋白是一种非核糖体产生的七肽,具有高度可变的组成。先前已经在来自微囊藻属、浮游发藻属和鱼腥藻属的三种菌株中研究了氰庚素合成酶操纵子。蓝细菌素具有蛋白酶抑制剂活性,但其生物学功能尚不清楚。cyanopeptolin基因簇的变异性和生物功能的肽变体可能是interconnected.Results:我们已经调查了两个cyanopeptolin基因簇高度相似,但地理上遥远的菌株同属。对来自日本菌株浮游发菌NIES 205(205-oci)的非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)氰基肽素基因簇进行测序,显示30 kb基因簇与先前在挪威分离的浮游发菌尼瓦CYA 116中描述的oci基因簇高度相似。两个操纵子均含有7个NRPS模块、磺基转移酶(S)和甘油酸加载(GA)结构域。序列分析显示高度的保守性,除了在NIES 205中存在差向异构酶结构域和差向异构酶周围的区域,显示高取代率和Ka/Ks值高于1。这两种菌株分别产生几乎相同的氰基肽素,氰基肽素-1138和2-羟基-1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,这些变体可能是非核糖体酶复合物中腺苷酸化(A)结构域特异性松弛的结果。其他遗传标记(16S rRNA,ntcA和藻蓝蛋白cpcBA间隔)是相同的,支持这些地理上分离的浮游发菌菌株是密切相关的。结论:一个水平的基因转移事件,导致交换的整个模块编码区观察。核苷酸统计表明,纯化选择和积极的选择力的基因簇上操作。正选择力作用于差向异构酶插入的内部和周围,而纯化选择保留了基因簇的剩余(主要)部分。基因簇中差向异构酶的存在与Htyr的D-构型一致,这是在先前的研究中通过实验确定的。
Background: Cyanopeptolins are nonribosomally produced heptapetides showing a highly variable composition. The cyanopeptolin synthetase operon has previously been investigated in three strains from the genera Microcystis, Planktothrix and Anabaena. Cyanopeptolins are displaying protease inhibitor activity, but the biological function(s) is (are) unknown. Cyanopeptolin gene cluster variability and biological functions of the peptide variants are likely to be interconnected.Results: We have investigated two cyanopeptolin gene clusters from highly similar, but geographically remote strains of the same genus. Sequencing of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) cyanopeptolin gene cluster from the Japanese strain Planktothrix NIES 205 (205-oci), showed the 30 kb gene cluster to be highly similar to the oci gene cluster previously described in Planktothrix NIVA CYA 116, isolated in Norway. Both operons contained seven NRPS modules, a sulfotransferase (S) and a glyceric acid loading (GA)-domain. Sequence analyses showed a high degree of conservation, except for the presence of an epimerase domain in NIES 205 and the regions around the epimerase, showing high substitution rates and Ka/Ks values above 1. The two strains produce almost identical cyanopeptolins, cyanopeptolin-1138 and oscillapeptin E respectively, but with slight differences regarding the production of minor cyanopeptolin variants. These variants may be the result of relaxed adenylation (A)-domain specificity in the nonribosomal enzyme complex. Other genetic markers (16S rRNA, ntcA and the phycocyanin cpcBA spacer) were identical, supporting that these geographically separated Planktothrix strains are closely related.Conclusion: A horizontal gene transfer event resulting in exchange of a whole module-encoding region was observed. Nucleotide statistics indicate that both purifying selection and positive selection forces are operating on the gene cluster. The positive selection forces are acting within and around the epimerase insertion while purifying selection conserves the remaining (major) part of the gene cluster. The presence of an epimerase in the gene cluster is in line with the D-configuration of Htyr, determined experimentally in oscillapeptin E in a previous study.