Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of the Four Human Coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 Detected over 3 Years Using a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method
Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of the Four Human Coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 Detected over 3 Years Using a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method
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DOI：
10.1128/jcm.00636-10
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
9.4
通讯作者：
Templeton, K. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaunt, E. R.;Hardie, A.;Templeton, K. E.
四种人类冠状病毒（HCoV-229E、HCoV-HKU1、HCoV-NL63和HCoV-OC43）与一系列呼吸道疾病有关，包括细支气管炎和肺炎。它们的流行病学和临床特征描述不清，往往依赖病例报告。为了解决这些问题，我们对2006年7月至2009年6月3年间在英国爱丁堡收集的11,661份诊断性呼吸道样本进行了大规模的全面筛查，使用了一种新型的四向多重实时逆转录- pcr （RT-PCR）检测。在所有年龄组中，冠状病毒检出率为0.3 ~ 0.85%。一般来说，冠状病毒在12月至4月期间表现出明显的冬季季节性，在夏季未被发现，这与流感病毒的模式相当。HCoV-229E是例外；发现仅限于2008年冬季，次年零星发生。季节之间的检测频率还有其他长期差异，HCoV-OC43在第一季和第三季占主导地位，HCoV-HKU1在第二季占主导地位（见季节定义的结果）。在其他呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性的样本中，检测到的冠状病毒总数为11%至41%，尽管冠状病毒单一感染的临床表现与呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒和副流感病毒等在呼吸道疾病中起既定作用的病毒的临床表现相当。新型泛冠状病毒实时多重检测方法增强了呼吸道病毒诊断，克服了冠状病毒频率季节性变化带来的潜在诊断问题，为冠状病毒的流行病学和临床意义提供了新的见解。
Four human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Their epidemiologies and clinical characteristics are poorly described and are often reliant on case reports. To address these problems, we conducted a large-scale comprehensive screening for all four coronaviruses by analysis of 11,661 diagnostic respiratory samples collected in Edinburgh, United Kingdom, over 3 years between July 2006 and June 2009 using a novel four-way multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay. Coronaviruses were detected in 0.3 to 0.85% of samples in all age groups. Generally, coronaviruses displayed marked winter seasonality between the months of December and April and were not detected in summer months, which is comparable to the pattern seen with influenza viruses. HCoV-229E was the exception; detection was confined to the winter of 2008 and was sporadic in the following year. There were additional longer-term differences in detection frequencies between seasons, with HCoV-OC43 predominant in the first and third seasons and HCoV-HKU1 dominating in the second (see Results for definitions of seasons). A total of 11 to 41% of coronaviruses detected were in samples testing positive for other respiratory viruses, although clinical presentations of coronavirus monoinfections were comparable to those of viruses which have an established role in respiratory disease, such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses. The novel multiplex assay for real-time pan-coronavirus detection enhances respiratory virus diagnosis, overcomes potential diagnostic problems arising through seasonal variation in coronavirus frequency, and provides novel insights into the epidemiology and clinical implications of coronaviruses.