Linking diatom-diazotroph symbioses to nitrogen cycle perturbations and deep-water anoxia: Insights from Mediterranean sapropel events

Linking diatom-diazotroph symbioses to nitrogen cycle perturbations and deep-water anoxia: Insights from Mediterranean sapropel events
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将硅藻-固氮菌共生与氮循环扰动和深水缺氧联系起来:来自地中海腐泥事件的见解

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117110
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Pearson, Ann
Pearson, Ann
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elling, Felix J.;Hemingway, Jordon D.;Kharbush, Jenan J.;Becker, Kevin W.;Polik, Catherine A.;Pearson, Ann

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有机物(OM)输出通量的增加促进海洋缺氧,从而提高固碳效率,降低大气二氧化碳水平。然而,触发和维持缺氧事件的机制,特别是那些与营养贫乏,贫营养的地表水,仍然缺乏约束。地中海腐泥是保存完好的沉积物沉积在整个上新世-更新世的情节缺氧事件,因此,他们可以提供独特的洞察海洋缺氧的地球化学和生态驱动程序和响应。使用生物标志物的分布,我们表明,厌氧氨氧化(anammox)细菌和重氮营养内共生体垫和/或筏形成硅藻都丰富的腐泥事件,特别是在爱奥尼亚海和利比亚海。在这些腐泥中,厌氧氨氧化物生物标志物的碳同位素组成直接捕获深水溶解无机碳中的13 C-耗竭,表明持续的碳封存。为了解释这些观察结果,我们提出了一个加强反馈,即初始营养和/或循环扰动促进固定氮的损失,通过强化厌氧氨氧化和异养反硝化,这反过来又有利于迅速下沉的固氮共生体的增殖,增加OM埋葬通量,并维持缺氧。这一机制解决了长期存在的难题,即小而漂浮的固氮生物显然与海洋缺氧和贫营养时期的高OM出口有关。
Elevated organic matter (OM) export flux promotes marine anoxia, thus increasing carbon sequestration efficiency and decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. However, the mechanisms that trigger and sustain anoxic events—particularly those associated with nutrient-poor, oligotrophic surface waters—remain poorly constrained. Mediterranean Sea sapropels are well-preserved sediments deposited during episodic anoxic events throughout the Plio-Pleistocene; as such, they may provide unique insight into the biogeochemical and ecological drivers of—and responses to—marine anoxia. Using biomarker distributions, we demonstrate that anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria and diazotrophic endosymbionts of mat- and/or raft-forming diatoms were both abundant during sapropel events, particularly in the Ionian and Libyan seas. In these sapropels, the carbon isotope compositions of anammox biomarkers directly capture progressive13C-depletion in deep-water dissolved inorganic carbon, indicating sustained carbon sequestration. To explain these observations, we propose a reinforcing feedback whereby initial nutrient and/or circulation perturbations promote fixed nitrogen loss via intensified anammox and heterotrophic denitrification, which in turn favors proliferation of rapidly sinking diatom-diazotroph symbiotic consortia, increases OM burial flux, and sustains anoxia. This mechanism resolves the long-standing conundrum that small and buoyant diazotrophs are apparently associated with high OM export during periods of marine anoxia and oligotrophy.
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