A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype-by-genotype interactions.
A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype-by-genotype interactions.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.13501
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
生物防治计划的结果可能变化很大，天敌往往无法在害虫种群中建立或传播。这种可变性对利用穿透性巴氏菌细菌寄生虫对细纹线虫进行生物控制构成了主要障碍。细纹线虫是具有经济破坏性的植物寄生线虫，管理选择有限。对于这种控制变异的主要假设是，只有细菌和线虫基因型的特定组合才能成功感染。在这一假设下，生物防治的失败是由于使用了穿透性假单胞菌基因型，而这些基因型不能感染当地的旋律雌性基因型。我们使用来自单一田间种群的沙粒棘球蚴的同雌性系和来自同一及附近田间的渗透棘球蚴的多个来源来检验这一假设。对感染的易感性取决于宿主系和寄生虫源的特定组合，对沙粒支原体的感染能力有很大的不同。根据这一结果，我们测试了使用不同的P. penetrans是否会增加感染，从而控制感染。我们发现，增加从一种到八种来源的渗透单胞菌接种物的多样性，使沙粒单胞菌易感染的个体比例增加了一倍以上，并减少了不同寄主系之间的易感性差异。总之，我们的研究结果强调了基因型特异性是生物防治变化的重要原因，并呼吁维持天敌种群的遗传多样性。
The outcomes of biological control programs can be highly variable, with natural enemies often failing to establish or spread in pest populations. This variability has posed a major obstacle in use of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria penetrans for biological control of Meloidogyne species, economically devastating plant‐parasitic nematodes for which there are limited management options. A leading hypothesis for this variability in control is that infection is successful only for specific combinations of bacterial and nematode genotypes. Under this hypothesis, failure of biological control results from the use of P. penetrans genotypes that cannot infect local Meloidogyne genotypes. We tested this hypothesis using isofemale lines of M. arenaria derived from a single field population and multiple sources of P. penetrans from the same and nearby fields. In strong support of the hypothesis, susceptibility to infection depended on the specific combination of host line and parasite source, with lines of M. arenaria varying substantially in which P. penetrans source could infect them. In light of this result, we tested whether using a diverse pool of P. penetrans could increase infection and thereby control. We found that increasing the diversity of the P. penetrans inoculum from one to eight sources more than doubled the fraction of M. arenaria individuals susceptible to infection and reduced variation in susceptibility across host lines. Together, our results highlight genotype‐by‐genotype specificity as an important cause of variation in biological control and call for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural enemy populations.
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