Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) infection and fungal agents of honey bees in North-West Turkey
Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) infection and fungal agents of honey bees in North-West Turkey
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DOI：
10.1080/00218839.2008.11101447
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ulgen, Mihriban
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borum, A. Ebru;Ulgen, Mihriban
白垩病是蜜蜂幼虫的一种真菌疾病，它是一种异源生物，只有当相反菌株（指定为+和-）的菌丝体聚集在一起时才会产生孢子。蜜蜂幼虫在3-4天大时更容易受到白垩病的影响。蜜蜂幼虫在幼虫期摄入蜜蜂孢子，但在封顶前后的几个小时更容易受到影响（Gilliam和Vandenberg， 1990）。如果只有一种交配类型，干尸幼虫是白色的。如果由于交配而形成孢子囊，则受影响的幼虫的颜色变为灰色或黑色（Skou, 1972； Gilliam和Vandenberg， 1990）。各种培养基，如马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂，麦芽琼脂，或沙布罗德葡萄糖琼脂被用来培养鹅口疮。在所有培养基中，阿西麻蝇的群落呈白色和棉状（Skou, 1972; Gilliam and Vandenberg, 1990）。子囊孢子的直径不同，子囊孢子的形状和大小也不同。
Chalkbrood is a fungal disease of honey bee larvae caused by Ascosphaera apis, a heterothallic organism that sporulates only when mycelia of opposite strains (designated+ and-) come together. Honey bee larvae are more susceptible to chalkbrood when they are 3-4 days old. Honey bee brood ingests A. apis spores in the larval period, but they are more susceptible in the pre-and postcapping hours (Gilliam and Vandenberg, 1990). Mummified larvae are white if only one mating type is present. If spore cysts are formed as a result of mating, the colour of affected larvae become grey or black (Skou, 1972; Gilliam and Vandenberg, 1990).Various culture media such as potato dextrose agar, malt agar, or saboraud dextrose agar are used to culture A. apis. In all media, the colonies of A. apis are white and cottony (Skou, 1972; Gilliam and Vandenberg, 1990). Ascosphaera species vary in the diameters of spore cysts, as well as in the shape and size of ascospores.