Complex long-term biodiversity change among invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens
Complex long-term biodiversity change among invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-020-1111-z
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发表时间：
2020-02-17
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Isaac, Nick J. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Outhwaite, Charlotte L.;Gregory, Richard D.;Isaac, Nick J. B.
大规模的生物多样性变化主要是通过少数几个分类群体的反应来衡量的。人们对影响大多数无脊椎动物和其他被忽视的分类群的趋势知之甚少，也不清楚经过充分研究的分类群，如脊椎动物，是否反映了更广泛的生物多样性的变化。在这里，我们介绍和分析了超过5,000种无脊椎动物、苔藓和地衣在英国的分布趋势，以占有率的变化衡量。我们的结果显示，在过去45年里，变化的幅度、方向和时间都有很大的变化。在被分析的四个主要类别中，只有一个，陆地非昆虫无脊椎动物，显示出脊椎动物和蝴蝶中报告的下降趋势。陆生昆虫和苔藓和地衣类群的平均占有率都有所增加。在淡水物种中发现了一个惊人的模式，在经历了20年的下降后，自20世纪90年代中期以来经历了强劲的复苏。我们发现，虽然大多数种群的平均占有率似乎是稳定的或增加的，但个别物种的相对共性和稀有性发生了实质性变化，表明群落组成发生了相当大的变化。此外，大量物种经历了大幅下降。我们的结果表明，英国的生物多样性变化模式比以前报道的更复杂。通过分析过去45年来英国5000种无脊椎动物、苔藓植物和地衣的占有率变化，作者发现所有种群的群落组成都发生了显著变化，尽管平均下降只在陆地非昆虫无脊椎动物中明显。
Large-scale biodiversity changes are measured mainly through the responses of a few taxonomic groups. Much less is known about the trends affecting most invertebrates and other neglected taxa, and it is unclear whether well-studied taxa, such as vertebrates, reflect changes in wider biodiversity. Here, we present and analyse trends in the UK distributions of over 5,000 species of invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens, measured as changes in occupancy. Our results reveal substantial variation in the magnitude, direction and timing of changes over the last 45 years. Just one of the four major groups analysed, terrestrial non-insect invertebrates, exhibits the declining trend reported among vertebrates and butterflies. Both terrestrial insects and the bryophytes and lichens group increased in average occupancy. A striking pattern is found among freshwater species, which have undergone a strong recovery since the mid-1990s after two decades of decline. We show that, while average occupancy among most groups appears to have been stable or increasing, there has been substantial change in the relative commonness and rarity of individual species, indicating considerable turnover in community composition. Additionally, large numbers of species have experienced substantial declines. Our results suggest a more complex pattern of biodiversity change in the United Kingdom than previously reported.By analysing changes in occupancy among >5,000 species of invertebrates, bryophytes and lichens in the United Kingdom over the past 45 years, the authors find substantial turnover in community composition among all groups, although average declines are evident only among terrestrial non-insect invertebrates.