Immune and biochemical responses in skin differ between bovine hosts genetically susceptible and resistant to the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.
Immune and biochemical responses in skin differ between bovine hosts genetically susceptible and resistant to the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.
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牛宿主之间皮肤的免疫和生化反应在遗传上易感性和对牛tick tick tick ripicephalus microplus的抗药性不同。
DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1945-z
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发表时间：
2017-01-31
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Santos IK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franzin AM;Maruyama SR;Garcia GR;Oliveira RP;Ribeiro JM;Bishop R;Maia AA;Moré DD;Ferreira BR;Santos IK
蜱附着并穿透宿主的皮肤，并通过宿主反应的多种成分来获取血液。牛蜱（Rhipicephalus microplus）的感染负荷是可遗传的：一些品种携带高负荷的繁殖成功的蜱，而在其他品种中，很少有蜱有效地进食和繁殖。为了阐明导致牛蜱虫感染不同结果的机制，我们研究了一种抗性和一种易感品种牛的皮肤中蜱虫叮咬诱导的全球基因表达和炎症，这些牛经历了R.微加。我们还研究了编码分泌型蜱蛋白的基因的表达谱，这些蛋白介导了这些品种的幼虫和幼虫的寄生。皮肤中差异表达基因的功能分析表明，过敏性接触性皮炎的发展伴随着IL-6、CXCL-8和CCL-2的产生，并由HMGB 1、ISG 15和PKR维持，导致促炎趋化因子和细胞因子的表达，这些趋化因子和细胞因子招募粒细胞和T淋巴细胞。重要的是，这种反应在易感宿主中延迟。感染皮肤的组织学分析显示，蜱骨水泥锥周围的炎症反应，使附件在两个品种，但在遗传抗蜱牛，他们不稳定的圆锥。转录数据提供了对蜱介导的嗜碱性粒细胞活化的见解，这在以前已被证明是模型系统中宿主抗性的关键。对蜱虫敏感的牛的皮肤表达了更多编码解毒组织的酶的转录本。有趣的是，这些酶也产生挥发性的气味化合物，因此，皮肤摩擦蜱易感牛吸引了显着更多的蜱幼虫比摩擦抗性主机。此外，转录编码分泌的调节分子的蜱幼虫和若虫唾液腺蜱喂养易感牛显着更丰富。与蜱易感宿主相比，编码产生挥发性化合物的酶的基因在抗性宿主中表现出显著较低的表达，这可能使它们对幼虫的吸引力降低;抗性宿主使蜱暴露于早期的炎症反应，这与蜱中编码抑制宿主免疫、炎症和凝血的唾液蛋白的基因的表达显著较低有关。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13071-016-1945-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Ticks attach to and penetrate their hosts’ skin and inactivate multiple components of host responses in order to acquire a blood meal. Infestation loads with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, whereas in others, few ticks feed and reproduce efficiently. In order to elucidate the mechanisms that result in the different outcomes of infestations with cattle ticks, we examined global gene expression and inflammation induced by tick bites in skins from one resistant and one susceptible breed of cattle that underwent primary infestations with larvae and nymphs of R. microplus. We also examined the expression profiles of genes encoding secreted tick proteins that mediate parasitism in larvae and nymphs feeding on these breeds. Functional analyses of differentially expressed genes in the skin suggest that allergic contact-like dermatitis develops with ensuing production of IL-6, CXCL-8 and CCL-2 and is sustained by HMGB1, ISG15 and PKR, leading to expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that recruit granulocytes and T lymphocytes. Importantly, this response is delayed in susceptible hosts. Histopathological analyses of infested skins showed inflammatory reactions surrounding tick cement cones that enable attachment in both breeds, but in genetically tick-resistant bovines they destabilized the cone. The transcription data provided insights into tick-mediated activation of basophils, which have previously been shown to be a key to host resistance in model systems. Skin from tick-susceptible bovines expressed more transcripts encoding enzymes that detoxify tissues. Interestingly, these enzymes also produce volatile odoriferous compounds and, accordingly, skin rubbings from tick-susceptible bovines attracted significantly more tick larvae than rubbings from resistant hosts. Moreover, transcripts encoding secreted modulatory molecules by the tick were significantly more abundant in larval and in nymphal salivary glands from ticks feeding on susceptible bovines. Compared with tick-susceptible hosts, genes encoding enzymes producing volatile compounds exhibit significantly lower expression in resistant hosts, which may render them less attractive to larvae; resistant hosts expose ticks to an earlier inflammatory response, which in ticks is associated with significantly lower expression of genes encoding salivary proteins that suppress host immunity, inflammation and coagulation. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1945-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.