Relations among appetitive aggression, post-traumatic stress and motives for demobilization: a study in former Colombian combatants.
Relations among appetitive aggression, post-traumatic stress and motives for demobilization: a study in former Colombian combatants.
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DOI：
10.1186/1752-1505-7-9
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发表时间：
2013-04-10
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Elbert T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weierstall R;Castellanos CP;Neuner F;Elbert T
前战斗人员经常报告说，攻击性行为可以是令人食欲和吸引力的。这种食欲攻击(AA)可能适应于在暴力环境中生存，因为它与与战斗相关的心理创伤风险降低有关。同时，在结束现役后，再造者可能会削弱重新融入社会生活的动力。在哥伦比亚，自愿复员的战斗人员大多厌倦了战斗，而集体复员的战斗人员主要是通过政府的力量这样做的。我们预测，那些集体复员的人仍将受到暴力的吸引，并受益于抵抗与创伤有关的精神痛苦的韧性，并受到好欲攻击的缓和，因为如果他们没有被迫停止战斗，他们就会继续战斗。对来自准军事部队和游击队的252名前哥伦比亚前战斗人员进行了调查。采用适应性攻击量表(AAS)和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状自评量表(PSS-I)评定食欲攻击。我们区分了个人复员和集体复员，并评估了解除武装的理由。大多数单独复员和厌倦战斗的游击队士兵报告说，由于他们以前从事过暴力行为，他们既有暴力倾向，又有更多的创伤症状。相比之下，在集体复员的人中，好斗与患创伤后应激障碍的风险降低有关。然而，在创伤后应激障碍症状严重程度上四分之一的战斗人员中，这种影响并不存在。战斗经验对创伤的影响以及复员的动机在单独复员的战斗人员和被迫复员的团体成员之间有很大的不同。这对实施重返社会方案和治疗干预措施具有重要影响。
Former combatants have frequently reported that aggressive behaviour can be appetitive and appealing. This appetitive aggression (AA) may be adaptive for survival in a violent environment, as it is associated with a reduced risk of combat-related psychological traumatization. At the same time, AA might impair motivation for re-integration to civil life after ending active duty. Whereas in Colombia those combatants who volunteered for demobilization were mostly tired of fighting, those who demobilized collectively did so mainly by force of the government. We predicted those who were demobilized collectively would still be attracted to violence, and benefit from the resilience against trauma-related mental suffering, moderated by appetitive aggression, as they would have continued fighting had they not been forced to stop. A sample of 252 former Colombian former combatants from paramilitary and guerrilla forces was investigated. Appetitive aggression was assessed using the Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview (PSS-I). We distinguished between individual and group demobilization and assessed reasons for disarmament. Most of the guerrilla troops who demobilized individually and were tired of fighting reported both an attraction to violence as well as increased trauma symptoms, owing to their former engagement in violent behaviour. In contrast, among those who were demobilized collectively, appetitive aggression was associated with a reduced risk of PTSD. However, this effect was not present in those combatants in the upper quartile of PTSD symptom severity. The influence of combat experience on traumatization, as well as the motivation for demobilization, differs remarkably between those combatants who demobilized individually and those who were members of a group that was forced to demobilize. This has important implications for the implementation of re-integration programmes and therapeutic interventions.