Police Use of Retrospective Facial Recognition Technology: A Step Change in Surveillance Capability Necessitating an Evolution of the Human Rights Law Framework
Police Use of Retrospective Facial Recognition Technology: A Step Change in Surveillance Capability Necessitating an Evolution of the Human Rights Law Framework
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警方使用回顾性面部识别技术：监控能力的巨大变化需要人权法框架的演变
DOI：
10.1111/1468-2230.12862
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Murray D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murray D
回顾性面部识别（RFR）标志着警察监控能力的一个重大变化，迄今为止，这一能力几乎没有受到关注。由于围绕RFR的法律问题是不确定的，并且可能面临法律挑战，因此本文做出了四个关键贡献。首先，阐述了RFR使监测能力成为可能。其次，审查了与RFR相关的人权损害，强调了监视的“寒蝉效应”，并提出了复合人权损害的可能性。第三，对普通法加上警察部队的政策框架可以满足“依法”检验的假设提出了挑战，并对现有的政策框架进行了评估。第四，“必要性”测试是为了更好地理解如何提供支持RFR部署的证据，以及如何识别相关的危害。本节询问，鉴于RFR的出现，目前采用的必要性测试是否足够。
Retrospective facial recognition (RFR) marks a step change in police surveillance capability that has received surprisingly little attention to‐date. As the legal issues surrounding RFR are uncertain, and as legal challenge is likely, this article makes four key contributions. First, the surveillance capability made possible by RFR is set out. Second, human rights harms associated with RFR are examined, highlighting the ‘chilling effects’ of surveillance, and raising the possibility of compound human rights harm. Third, the assumption that the common law, coupled with police forces’ policy framework, may satisfy the ‘in accordance with the law’ test is challenged, and existing policy frameworks are evaluated. Fourth, the ‘necessity’ test is unpacked to better understand how evidence in favour of a RFR deployment could be presented, and how associated harm may be identified. This section asks whether the necessity test, as currently approached, is adequate in light of the emergence of RFR.