The Department of Embryology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
The Department of Embryology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
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华盛顿卡内基研究所胚胎学系。
DOI：
10.1002/bies.950060213
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Brown
华盛顿卡内基研究所于 1902 年在安德鲁·卡内基的捐赠下成立，“旨在尽可能确保美利坚合众国在发现和利用新力量造福人类领域的领导地位”。卡内基的使命由该机构的受托人来执行。该机构最初是运营机构和基金会的独特组合。它在科学领域设有部门，可以说服受托人对科学进步做出最大的承诺，同时向有前途的个人提供资助。其“基金会活动”在20世纪40年代逐渐停止。仅举一个例子，T. H. 摩根和他的同事们一直得到资助直到 1945 年，罗斯·哈里森则在 1946 年和 1947 年获得资助。 1913 年，约翰·霍普金斯医学院解剖学教授富兰克林·P·马尔 (Franklin P. Mall) 在《美国医学会杂志》上发表了一篇“呼吁建立人类胚胎学研究所”的文章。这篇文章概述了他对建立一个研究所来研究“解剖学、体质人类学、比较胚胎学、生理学和妊娠学、病理学和畸胎学”的请求。 1914年，该机构的受托人授权在马里兰州巴尔的摩的约翰·霍普金斯医学院建立胚胎学系，马尔担任第一任系主任。四十年来，该部门描述了正常和异常人类胚胎的形态阶段。这导致了世界上最大、最
The Carnegie Institution of Washington was founded in 1902 through a gift from Andrew Carnegie ‘to secure, if possible, for the United States of America, leadership in the domain of discovery and the utilization of new forces for the benefit of man’. It was left to the Institution’s trustees to effect Carnegie’s mandate. The Institution began as a unique combination of operating institution and foundation. It operated departments in areas of science which the trustees could be persuaded held out the greatest promise for scientific advancement, while at the same time making grants to individuals of great promise. Its ‘foundation activities’ were gradually phased out in the 1940s. To cite only one example, T. H. Morgan and his colleagues were supported until 1945, and Ross Harrison received grants in 1946 and 1947. In 1913, Franklin P. Mall, the Pro-fessor of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins Medical School, published a ‘Plea for an Institute of Human Embryology’in the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation. This article outlined his request for an institute to study ‘anatomy, physical anthropology, comparative embryology, physiology and gestation, pathology and teratology’. In 1914, the trustees of the Institution authorized the establishment of a Department of Embryology at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, Maryland, with Mall as its first director. For forty years, the Department described morphological stages of normal and abnormal human embryos. This resulted in the world’s largest and most