Pervasive human-mediated large-scale invasion: analysis of spread patterns and their underlying mechanisms in 17 of China's worst invasive plants
Pervasive human-mediated large-scale invasion: analysis of spread patterns and their underlying mechanisms in 17 of China's worst invasive plants
复制标题
普遍存在的人类介导的大规模入侵：中国 17 种最严重入侵植物的传播模式及其根本机制分析。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12692
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Nathan, Ran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horvitz, Nir;Wang, Rui;Nathan, Ran
1. 生物入侵是人类引起的环境变化的一个主要组成部分，已成为威胁全球生物多样性并造成巨大经济损失的世界性问题。因此，关于生物入侵的研究激增，重点关注与成功入侵相关的物种特征和栖息地特征。然而，快速传播的机制和由此产生的模式在很大程度上仍未被探索。2。利用自 1980 年以来以及更早时期在中国各地县级收集的数据，我们研究了潜在的传播媒介——铁路、火车站、公路、一般人类活动、河流和风——对中国 17 种最严重的入侵植物物种的传播的贡献。着眼于长距离扩散事件，我们计算了每个县每个物种首次记录的最小到达速度。我们还开发并应用了一种新方法，利用中国 776 种本土（非入侵）植物物种的观测数据来解释由于靠近道路而导致的观测偏差。3。我们发现，与人类相关的媒介是我们检查的所有 17 种入侵植物物种广泛传播的原因。传播模式的特点是数十至数百公里的长距离跳跃和每年约 2-4 公里的极快平均传播速度，以及非常广泛的范围（每年 0.1-128.2 公里），且年份之间的变化很大。这些速率远高于传统传播媒介（如水、风或动物）的预期速率。常用的肥尾扩散粒不符合观测到的任何物种的跳远分布。4．合成。我们发现了普遍的经验证据，证明人类在多个类群入侵植物的大规模传播中发挥着压倒性的作用。观察到的传播模式与文献中描述的传播模式有很大不同，强调需要开发新的框架来探索一般的大规模传播，特别是侵入性传播。随着入侵物种观测的公共数据集变得越来越可用，时机已经成熟，不仅要探索物种特征和栖息地适宜性，还要研究大规模入侵扩散的实际模式和机制，即使是在陆地上数千公里的范围内。
1. Biological invasions constitute a major component of human-induced environmental change and have become a world-wide problem threatening global biodiversity and incurring massive economic costs. Consequently, research on biological invasions proliferates, placing a major emphasis on species traits and habitat characteristics associated with successful invasion. Yet, the mechanisms underlying rapid spread and the resulting patterns remain largely unexplored.2. Using data collected since 1980 and earlier at the county level all over China, we studied the contribution of potential dispersal vectors - railroads, rail stations, roads, general human activity, rivers and winds - to the spread of 17 of China's worst invasive plant species. Focusing on long-distance dispersal events, we calculated the minimal arrival speed for the first record of each species in each county. We also developed and applied a new method to account for observation bias due to the proximity to roads, using observational data of 776 native (non-invasive) plant species throughout China.3. We found that human-related vectors are accountable for the vast spread of all 17 invasive plant species we examined. Spread patterns were characterized by long jumps of tens to hundreds of kilometres and extremely fast average spread rates of roughly 2-4 km per year, and a very broad range (0.1-128.2 km per year) with high variability between years. These rates are much higher than those expected from classic dispersal vectors such as water, wind or animals. Commonly used fat-tailed dispersal kernels did not fit the observed distribution of long jumps for any species.4. Synthesis. We found pervasive empirical evidence for the overriding role of humans in the large-scale spread of invasive plants from multiple taxa. The observed spread patterns differ significantly from those portrayed in the literature, emphasizing the need to develop new frameworks to explore large-scale spread in general and invasive spread in particular. With public data sets of invasive species observations becoming increasingly more available, the time is ripe to go beyond exploration of species traits and habitat suitability and to examine the actual patterns and the mechanisms of large-scale invasive spread, even at a scale of thousands of kilometres over land.