Placing marine protected areas onto the ecosystem-based management seascape
Placing marine protected areas onto the ecosystem-based management seascape
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0908503107
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发表时间：
2010-10-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
McLeod, Karen L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halpern, Benjamin S.;Lester, Sarah E.;McLeod, Karen L.
在过去的15年中，世界各地海洋保护区（MPAs）的科学和实施迅速增加，现在海洋生态系统管理（EBM）的科学和应用也有了类似的增加。尽管有重要的重叠和一些共同的目标，这两种方法在文献和保护和管理工作中仍然是分开的，或者被视为同一种方法。在确认连接的情况下，通常很少评估mpa是否或如何实现特定的EBM目标。在这里，我们首先批判性地评估mpa和EBM之间的共性和差异。接下来，我们使用全球分析来显示禁捕海洋保护区在哪里以及有多少可以为EBM目标做出贡献，特别是通过减少压力源对海洋生态系统的累积影响。这些分析表明，在大面积的沿海海洋中，保护区可以在减少累积影响从而改善整体海洋状况方面发挥重要作用，同时也突出了海洋保护区作为实现全面EBM的单一工具的局限性。最终，这两种新兴方法之间更好的协同作用提供了大大有利于海洋健康的机会。
The rapid increase in the science and implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) around the world in the past 15 years is now being followed by similar increases in the science and application of marine ecosystem-based management (EBM). Despite important overlaps and some common goals, these two approaches have remained either separated in the literature and in conservation and management efforts or treated as if they are one and the same. In the cases when connections are acknowledged, there is often little assessment of if or how well MPAs can achieve specific EBM goals. Here we start by critically evaluating commonalities and differences between MPAs and EBM. Next, we use global analyses to show where and how much no-take marine reserves can be expected to contribute to EBM goals, specifically by reducing the cumulative impacts of stressors on ocean ecosystems. These analyses revealed large stretches of coastal oceans where reserves can play a major role in reducing cumulative impacts and thus improving overall ocean condition, at the same time highlighting the limitations of marine reserves as a single tool to achieve comprehensive EBM. Ultimately, better synergies between these two burgeoning approaches provide opportunities to greatly benefit ocean health.