Architectures for vibration-driven micropower generators
Architectures for vibration-driven micropower generators
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DOI：
10.1109/jmems.2004.830151
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Holmes, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitcheson, PD;Green, TC;Holmes, AS
几种形式的振动驱动MEMS微发电机是可能的，并在文献中报道，具有潜在的应用领域，包括分布式传感和无处不在的计算。本文阐述了他们的设计和比较的分析基础，验证全时域仿真。大多数报道的微型发电机被归类为速度阻尼谐振发电机（VDRG）或库仑阻尼谐振发电机（CDRG）和一个统一的分析结构，这些发电机类型提供。报告的发电机已运行在远低于可实现的功率密度和设计指南给出了优化未来的设备。本文还介绍了一种新的类库仑力参量发生器（CFPG），它不以谐振的方式工作。对于所有三个发电机，表达式和图形显示输出功率的关键操作参数的依赖。优化还考虑物理发电机约束，如电压限制或最大或最小阻尼比。每个发电机架构的源振动频率的灵敏度进行了分析，这表明，CFPG可以更好地适合于比谐振发电机的源频率可能会发生变化的应用。它表明，机械共振是特别有用的，当振动源的振幅相比，允许的质量到框架的位移是小的。CDRG和VDRG在谐振时产生相同的功率，但分别在谐振以下和谐振以上提供更好的性能。当允许的质量框架位移与振动源振幅相比很小时，两种谐振发生器类型都不能操作，这在一些MEMS应用中可能是这种情况。因此，此类应用需要CFPG。
Several forms of vibration-driven MEMS microgenerator are possible and are reported in the literature, with potential application areas including distributed sensing and ubiquitous computing. This paper sets out an analytical basis for their design and comparison, verified against full time-domain simulations. Most reported microgenerators are classified as either velocity-damped resonant generators (VDRGs) or Coulomb-damped resonant generators (CDRGs) and a unified analytical structure is provided for these generator types. Reported generators are shown to have operated at well below achievable power densities and design guides are given for optimising future devices. The paper also describes a new class-the Coulomb-force parametric generator (CFPG)-which does not operate in a resonant manner. For all three generators, expressions and graphs are provided showing the dependence of output power on key operating parameters. The optimization also considers physical generator constraints such as voltage limitation or maximum or minimum damping ratios. The sensitivity of each generator architecture to the source vibration frequency is analyzed and this shows that the CFPG can be better suited than the resonant generators to applications where the source frequency is likely to vary. It is demonstrated that mechanical resonance is particularly useful when the vibration source amplitude is small compared to the allowable mass-to-frame displacement. The CDRG and the VDRG generate the same power at resonance but give better performance below and above resonance respectively. Both resonant generator types are unable to operate when the allowable mass frame displacement is small compared to the vibration source amplitude, as is likely to be the case in some MEMS applications. The CFPG is, therefore, required for such applications.