Voice break in boys-temporal relations with other pubertal milestones and likely causal effects of BMI
Voice break in boys-temporal relations with other pubertal milestones and likely causal effects of BMI
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DOI：
10.1093/humrep/dez118
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Hagen, C. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busch, A. S.;Hollis, B.;Hagen, C. P.
研究问题 声音中断的时间与其他男性青春期里程碑以及 BMI 有何关系？总结答案 我们对男性青春期里程碑进行了全面的时间分析，包括生殖激素动态，确认声音中断是男性青春期的一个晚期里程碑，并报告了男性较高的 BMI 与较早的声音中断年龄之间可能存在的因果关系。在流行病学研究中用作青春期的衡量标准。相反，临床研究主要使用睾丸增大和/或生殖器晒黑阶段作为青春期开始的标志。然而，之前尚未详细评估青春期里程碑和生殖激素动态的相关性。此外，虽然众所周知 BMI 和青春期时间密切相关，但这些特征之间的因果关系尚不清楚。 研究设计、规模、持续时间 该研究包括一个基于人群的混合横断面和纵向队列（2006-2014 年，哥本哈根青春期研究），纳入了 730 名健康丹麦男孩。获得了 23andMe 研究中 55871 名男性研究参与者的数据，包括全基因组单核苷酸多态性数据和声音中断时的年龄。参与者/材料、环境、方法我们对青春期里程碑和生殖激素水平（研究人群 1）进行了详细评估。使用孟德尔随机化 (MR) 方法来确定 BMI 与声音中断时间之间可能存在的因果关系（研究人群 2）。 主要结果和机会的作用 声音中断发生的平均年龄为 13.6（95% CI：13.5-13.8）岁。声音中断时，平均 (95% CI) 睾酮水平、LH 水平和双睾丸体积分别为 10.9 (10.0-11.7) nmol/L、2.4 (2.2-2.5) IU/L 和 24 (23-25) mL。声音中断与男性青春期里程碑的时间有中度相关性，包括睾丸增大、性腺初现、阴毛初露、汗臭味、腋毛生长和睾酮高于检测限（r(2) 范围：0.43-0.61）。所有里程碑的时间与特定年龄的 BMI 呈负相关（所有 P
STUDY QUESTION How is timing of voice break related to other male pubertal milestones as well as to BMI?SUMMARY ANSWER We provide a comprehensive temporal analysis of male pubertal milestones, including reproductive hormone dynamics, confirm voice break as a late milestone of male puberty and report a likely causal relationship between higher BMI and earlier age at voice break in men.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Voice break represents a late pubertal milestone and recalled age at voice break is frequently used in epidemiological studies as a measure of puberty. In contrast, clinical studies use mainly testicular enlargement and/or genital tanner stage as the marker of pubertal onset. However, neither correlation of pubertal milestones nor reproductive hormone dynamics have been assessed in detail previously. Further, although BMI and puberty timing are known to be closely linked, cause and effect between these traits are not known.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study included a population-based mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort (2006-2014, COPENHAGEN Puberty Study) of 730 healthy Danish boys. Data for 55871 male research participants from the 23andMe study were obtained, including genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and age at voice break.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a detailed evaluation of pubertal milestones and reproductive hormone levels (study population 1). A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to determine the likely causal link between BMI and timing of voice break (study population 2).MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Voice break occurred at mean age 13.6 (95% CI: 13.5-13.8) years. At voice break, mean (95% CI) testosterone levels, LH levels and bi-testicular volume were 10.9 (10.0-11.7) nmol/L, 2.4 (2.2-2.5) IU/L and 24 (23-25) mL, respectively. Voice break correlated moderately strongly with timing of male pubertal milestones, including testicular enlargement, gonadarche, pubarche, sweat odor, axillary hair growth and testosterone above limit of detection (r(2) range: 0.43-0.61). Timing of all milestones was negatively associated with age-specific BMI (all P