Schooling has smaller or insignificant effects on adult health in the US than suggested by cross-sectional associations: New estimates using relatively large samples of identical twins
Schooling has smaller or insignificant effects on adult health in the US than suggested by cross-sectional associations: New estimates using relatively large samples of identical twins
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.065
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kohler, Hans-Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amin, Vikesh;Behrman, Jere R.;Kohler, Hans-Peter
关于为什么更多的学校教育可以改善健康，人们提出了许多理论理由。成人的健康结果和行为通常与学校教育显着相关。然而，这种关联并不一定意味着学校教育对健康结果和行为有因果影响。基于政策和同卵双胞胎内的学校教育差异的因果估计得出了不同的结论。这项研究使用三个相对较大的美国双胞胎样本，对横截面关联和同卵区内因果效应做出了新的估计。估计表明，学校教育与许多健康结果和行为显着相关。然而，由于同卵双胞胎控制了未观察到的因素，学校教育不再与大多数健康状况较好的指标相关（自我报告的健康状况除外），但仍然与生育率和配偶学校教育等结果相关。配偶学校教育也观察到类似的模式。 (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Numerous theoretical reasons have been posited about why more schooling might improve health. Adult health outcomes and behaviors generally are significantly associated with schooling. However, such associations do not necessarily imply that schooling has causal effects on health outcomes and behaviors. Causal estimates based on schooling variation from policies and from within-MZ (monozygotic) twins have reached mixed conclusions. This study contributed new estimates of cross-sectional associations and within-MZ causal effects using three relatively large US twins samples. The estimates suggested that schooling was significantly associated with numerous health outcomes and behaviors. However, with within-MZ twins control for unobserved factors, schooling was no longer associated with most indicators of better health (with the exception of self-reported health), while it continued to be associated with outcomes such as fertility and spousal schooling. Similar patterns were observed for spousal schooling. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.