Novel 2D CaCl crystals with metallicity, room-temperature ferromagnetism, heterojunction, piezoelectricity-like property and monovalent calcium ions.

Novel 2D CaCl crystals with metallicity, room-temperature ferromagnetism, heterojunction, piezoelectricity-like property and monovalent calcium ions.
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具有金属性、室温铁磁性、异质结、类压电特性和单价钙离子的新型二维 CaCl 晶体

DOI:
10.1093/nsr/nwaa274
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发表时间:
2021-07
影响因子:
20.6
通讯作者:
Fang H
Fang H
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang L;Shi G;Peng B;Gao P;Chen L;Zhong N;Mu L;Zhang L;Zhang P;Gou L;Zhao Y;Liang S;Jiang J;Zhang Z;Ren H;Lei X;Yi R;Qiu Y;Zhang Y;Liu X;Wu M;Yan L;Duan C;Zhang S;Fang H

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在环境条件下,钙离子唯一已知的价态是+2,含有钙离子的相应晶体是绝缘且无磁性的。在此,我们利用低温电子显微镜,报道了在还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)膜上对二维(2D)CaCl晶体的直接观测结果,其中钙离子仅为单价(即 +1)。值得注意的是,这些CaCl晶体表现出金属性而非绝缘性。更有趣的是,我们通过实验证明了rGO膜中CaCl晶体具有室温铁磁性、石墨烯 - CaCl异质结、类压电性和金属性共存以及独特的储氢和释氢能力。我们注意到,这种CaCl晶体是在环境条件下,通过将rGO膜简单地在低于饱和浓度的盐溶液中孵育而获得的。理论研究表明,这些异常晶体的形成归因于Ca阳离子与石墨烯表面的芳香环之间的强阳离子 - π相互作用。这些发现凸显了这种具有异常电子特性的CaCl异常材料在设计新型晶体管和磁性器件、储氢、催化剂、高性能导电电极和传感器(尺寸可小至原子尺度)方面的实际潜在应用。 与传统观点相反,已观测到含有+1价钙离子的二维CaCl晶体,它们表现出意想不到的金属性、室温铁磁性、异质结、类压电性以及独特的储氢和释氢能力。
Abstract Under ambient conditions, the only known valence state of calcium ions is +2, and the corresponding crystals with calcium ions are insulating and nonferromagnetic. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we report direct observation of two-dimensional (2D) CaCl crystals on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes, in which the calcium ions are only monovalent (i.e. +1). Remarkably, metallic rather than insulating properties are displayed by those CaCl crystals. More interestingly, room-temperature ferromagnetism, graphene–CaCl heterojunction, coexistence of piezoelectricity-like property and metallicity, as well as the distinct hydrogen storage and release capability of the CaCl crystals in rGO membranes are experimentally demonstrated. We note that such CaCl crystals are obtained by simply incubating rGO membranes in salt solutions below the saturated concentration, under ambient conditions. Theoretical studies suggest that the formation of those abnormal crystals is attributed to the strong cation-π interactions of the Ca cations with the aromatic rings in the graphene surfaces. The findings highlight the realistic potential applications of such abnormal CaCl material with unusual electronic properties in designing novel transistors and magnetic devices, hydrogen storage, catalyzers, high-performance conducting electrodes and sensors, with a size down to atomic scale.
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