Sampling Development.
Sampling Development.
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DOI：
10.1080/15248372.2011.608190
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robinson SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adolph KE;Robinson SR
发展心理学的研究需要在不同的时间点进行抽样。对发展变化的准确描述为进一步的实证研究和发展机制理论奠定了基础。然而，在横截面和纵向设计中过度依赖大间距的抽样间隔威胁到企业的有效性。本文讨论了如何对发展进行抽样，以准确识别发展变化的形态。理想的解决方案令人望而生畏：在24小时的间隔内总结行为，并在变化的关键时期收集每日样本。我们讨论了由于抽样不足而产生的误差的大小，以及与过度抽样相关的风险。当每日采样不可行时，我们建议采样方法可以提供初步参考点和发展轨迹的大致形状的临时示意图。然后，可以在变异性增强、发展变化速度的拐点或与可能影响变化过程的关键事件或进程有关的时期战略性地应用更密集的采样。尽管密集重复抽样的挑战，但如果我们要了解发育变化的真实形态，研究人员必须认真对待发育时间尺度上的抽样问题。
Research in developmental psychology requires sampling at different time points. Accurate depictions of developmental change provide a foundation for further empirical studies and theories about developmental mechanisms. However, overreliance on widely spaced sampling intervals in cross-sectional and longitudinal designs threatens the validity of the enterprise. This article discusses how to sample development in order to accurately discern the shape of developmental change. The ideal solution is daunting: to summarize behavior over 24-hour intervals and collect daily samples over the critical periods of change. We discuss the magnitude of errors due to undersampling, and the risks associated with oversampling. When daily sampling is not feasible, we offer suggestions for sampling methods that can provide preliminary reference points and provisional sketches of the general shape of a developmental trajectory. Denser sampling then can be applied strategically during periods of enhanced variability, inflections in the rate of developmental change, or in relation to key events or processes that may affect the course of change. Despite the challenges of dense repeated sampling, researchers must take seriously the problem of sampling on a developmental time scale if we are to know the true shape of developmental change.