How Distinctive Are Indigenous Ways of Achieving Influence? A Comparative Study of Guanxi, Wasta, Jeitinho, and “Pulling Strings”
How Distinctive Are Indigenous Ways of Achieving Influence? A Comparative Study of Guanxi, Wasta, Jeitinho, and “Pulling Strings”
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DOI：
10.1177/0022022110381430
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Peter B. Smith;Haiyang Huang;Charles Harb;Cláudio V. Torres
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Peter B. Smith;Haiyang Huang;Charles Harb;Cláudio V. Torres
本研究的目的是调查“关系”、“瓦斯塔”和“杰蒂尼奥”的文化特殊性，它们都被认为是非正式影响的本土过程。向巴西、中国、黎巴嫩和英国的学生展示了来自每个样本国家的三种情景。他们评估了每个情景在多大程度上代表当地土著进程、情景中所描绘的事件的文化典型性以及这些人际交流被积极感知的程度。虽然每种类型的场景在其起源文化中都被认为具有代表性和典型性，但其他地点的受访者也认为每种场景都具有一定的典型性。文化之间的非正式影响过程可能在频率上比在质量上有所不同。受访者的价值观可以显着预测场景的积极性。英国的“幕后操纵”流程在所有地区都被评为典型，并且所有受访者对它的评价比其他影响流程更为积极。结论是，除了这些概念在当地的实用价值之外，它们的比较测试还有助于社会影响过程的文化一般模型的发展。
The purpose of the study was to investigate the cultural specificity of guanxi, wasta, and jeitinho, each of which has been identified as an indigenous process of informal influence. Students in Brazil, China, Lebanon, and the United Kingdom were presented with three scenarios derived from each of the nations sampled. They rated the extent to which each scenario was representative of the locally indigenous process, the typicality for their culture of the events portrayed in the scenarios, and the extent to which these interpersonal exchanges were perceived positively. While each type of scenario was perceived as representative and typical in its culture of origin, each was also perceived as somewhat typical by respondents in additional locations. Informal influence processes may vary between cultures more in frequency than in quality. Rated scenario positivity was significantly predicted by respondents’ values. The United Kingdom–based process of “pulling strings” was rated as typical in all locations and was more positively evaluated than the other influence processes by all respondents. It is concluded that in addition to the pragmatic value of these concepts locally, their comparative testing can contribute to the development of culture-general models of social influence processes.